Unemployment And Its Effects On Unemployment - 1317 Words

Money is essential to any individual looking to have a decent lifestyle; labor is the avenue through which this is acquired. The economy goes through various fluctuations in activity causing unemployment to fall, rise, or level out. What this creates is the first type of unemployment, known as cyclical; frictional is the second type, caused by a temporary leave (for whatever reason) by the employee, and structural is the third type, varying with the economic changes in demand. The absence of unemployment at its maximum level is termed full employment, another version of unemployment. The term encompassing the sum of the frictional, structural, and, yet another type of unemployment, surplus unemployment is that of the natural rate of†¦show more content†¦According to one article, â€Å"Structural unemployment occurs when certain industries decline because of long term changes in market conditions† (Unemployment types, 2017). More specifically, as Amadeo states, struct ural unemployment occurs when â€Å"Factories move to cheaper locations† (2017) and more efficient options (such as newer technologies, more skilled employees, etc.) are undertaken. Moving on to the minor types, surplus, being the first, is â€Å"caused by minimum wage laws, unions and wage/price controls. When wages are set at a high level, unemployment often results† (Amadeo, 2017). The second minor type is demand deficient unemployment. When there is less demand for a particular product, â€Å"firms sell less and so reduce production. If they are producing less, this leads to lower demand for workers† (Pettinger, â€Å"Demand Deficient Unemployment†, 2017). Therefore, as the name implies, this is caused by an unmet demand when compared to the people in that specific line of work. The third minor, but also major, type is full employment, which is known to be â€Å"devoid of cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment† (Full Employment, 2017), accor ding to one source, and is not simply, as the name suggests, where everyone has a job. In addition, â€Å"full employment means that unemployment has fallen to the lowest possible level without provoking inflation† (Palmer, 2016). Regional unemployment is the fourth minor type, being impacted by structural unemployment and,Show MoreRelatedUnemployment And Its Effects On Unemployment4263 Words   |  18 Pagesdependency on past history; Hysteresis in unemployment therefore implies that unemployment depends on its past. This further implies that demand or supply side shocks to unemployment have the tendency to permanently affect the unemployment path (Saeid Eisazadeh 2014). There are several explanations for the persistence of unemployment, George S. et al (1988) highlights two broad explanations for the persistence of unemployment. The first states that long run unemployment rate is impacted by exogenous shocksRead MoreThe Effects of Unemployment1828 Words   |  8 PagesTh e Effects of Unemployment Roderick C. LaGrone COM 150 January 28, 2011 Holly McCusker The Effects of Unemployment Over the past ten years there has been a great shift in society’s employment system. Corporate America has taken major cutbacks in the working labor department that has left many citizens unemployed and destitute. Anger and concern over layoffs, wage unproductivity, declining benefits, and the movement of jobs overseas has left citizens with harsh and undesirable views of theRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On A Population1182 Words   |  5 Pagesyourself, what is unemployment? Why is it so important? and how does it affect my everyday life? A common misunderstanding that I have encountered throughout the time of my research of the subject is the difference between the term unemployment which refers to people who are out of a job but are prepared to work and unemployment in the sense of a welfare aid to those who are out of a job. I will be speaking to you today on the definition of unemployment, the types of unemployment, the consequencesRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On Society1020 Words   |  5 PagesUnemployment is when a person who is vigorously looking for employment and is incapable to find work. Unemployment can affect people in a wide range of ways. The effect of idleness has far-reaching consequences. Even those who don t undergo layoffs in an office may find that their jobs or their personal lives have been destructively impacted. Idleness, as stated above, can have a wide range of affects on different types of people, such as refugees in Austria. Walter Renner and Birgit Senft statedRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Unemployment1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Causes and Effects of Unemployment Travis Epling Strayer University ENG 105 Jeanette Trammel 9/14/14 Causes and Effects of Unemployment There are many reasons for unemployment in the United States and around the world. Some of these causes are created by the individual and others are out of their control. No matter what the cause for unemployment, it has a devastating effect on the individual, family, and economy. Unemployment defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica is the conditionRead MoreThe Effects Of Unemployment On The Economy1656 Words   |  7 Pagesin different economies all around the world is unemployment. Even though the idea of unemployment may seem to be a usual day-to-day problem, the effects of unemployment are adverse on the health and well being of an economy In the United States; unemployment has been fairly low (5% or lower) for much of the past two decades. However even a low unemployment rate affect and undermine economic growth. Let us examine what unemployment means; Unemployment is a situation when there are simply not enoughRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On Society923 Words   |  4 Pageswho is available for work, yet he or she does not have any opportunities is called unemployed. When we think of unemployment, we directly refer to a person without a job or â€Å"jobless†. However, we do not consider what were the causes of that situation? Or what was the result? Unemployment has always been a social scourge. It is crucial to understand the causes and effects of unemployment because it can happen to almost anyone in this globe. Also, it is equally important to resolve this issue beforeRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On The Economy1452 Words   |  6 PagesUnemployment occurs when a person who is actively seeking employment but unable to find work. It is often used as measure of the health of the economy and has been one of Australia’s most serious long term economic challenges in recent decades. Economic growth is an ongoing process of increase in the production capacity of goods and services over a period of time. This determines economic wealth and individual living standards. These two economic issues have been a continuous matter within AustraliaRead MoreYouth Unemployment And Its Effects964 Words   |  4 PagesYouth unemployment and its effects of the Development in Africa The United Nations defines youth as, persons between the ages of 15-24. Unemployment is defined as the state in which a person does not have a job. It is also a frequently cited measure to determine the state of development in an area of interest. Young people aged between 15 and 25 make up 60% of Africa’s population. That figure translates to 200 million youth, and that number is projected to double by 2045. This meansRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On America926 Words   |  4 Pagesschool diploma or GED make up a quarter month 2014 to date† (Bolen). Unemployment is the one of the biggest poverty problems in America. But what is unemployment? Unemployment is described as when people are looking for job within the past four weeks and can’t find work, however, it can also mean an economic condition that is marked by the fact that individuals actively seeking jobs remain unhired (Unemployment Definition). Unemployment affects the United Stat es economic system, and the society in this

Chronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez

â€Å"Fake News†: Analyzing Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s subtle commentary and use of minor characters through syntax, juxtaposition, and periphrasis Chronicle of a Death Foretold revolves around the reporting of the murder of Santiago Nasar by the author; Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, who operates under the pretense of impartiality and journalistic integrity to create a subdued commentary through his minor characters. Mà ¡rquez provides commentary on sociopolitical controversies frequent in his portrayed Columbian culture by juxtaposition and periphrasis using minor characters such as Victoria Guzmà ¡n, Father Amador, and Colonel Lazaro Aponte. In this effect, Mà ¡rquez preserves his faà §ade of journalistic style and narrative of a chronicle while making a†¦show more content†¦The critical nature of Santiago’s relationship with Victoria Guzmà ¡n allows Mà ¡rquez to satirize the servant-master and patriarchal complexes present in his portrayed culture. The sexual relationship between Ibrahim Nasar and Victoria Guzmà ¡n, parallels that of the relationship between Santiago Nasar and Divina Flor and highligh ts the social constructs and environment, which reduced Victoria Guzmà ¡n into servitude through the juxtaposition of the aforementioned combative personalities of Victoria Guzmà ¡n and Santiago. Mà ¡rquez is successful in the sense that he can create a social commentary on the portrayed Arabic and Columbian cultures while still maintaining false objectivity by inserting variation into separate accounts. Mà ¡rquez’s uses periphrasis, syntax, and chronological divisions between chapters to subdue overt comparison between the portrayed values of Columbian culture and its societal norms with the conflicting relationship of Victoria Guzmà ¡n and Santiago Nasar, effectively shrouding his commentary. Mà ¡rquez provides a religious and political commentary through the comparison of independent action and duty to fate and religion, when Father Amador is ordered by Colonel Lazaro Aponte toShow MoreRelatedChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a journalistic account of a historical murder, is written by author Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez. Continually through his career â€Å"Garcia Marquez employs journalistic writing techniques in his fiction, and particularly in Chronicle of a Death Foretold in order to produce a seemingly more authentic and credible work†( Gardener 3-4). This particular novel reads as if it is fictional. However, readers are interested to know that the account is based on a factualRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1371 Words   |  6 Pagesyou can even learn from the events taking place within the novels. Stories I have read this semester includes â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez will show racism, international racism, and cultural traditions that I have learned about. The conviction and idea of respect in the Columbian culture introduced in Chronicle of a â€Å"Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is among the choosing parts of the character s convictions and activities. Any move done made to safeguard oneRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1325 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Emily Quinn Candidate Number: Works in Translation 35 B2 Ms. Prestash April 9, 2015 Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold The representation and portrayal of women in the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez provides an in-depth understanding of the diverseRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1492 Words   |  6 PagesHowever often this may happen, Latin Americans are indeed American. Dealing with this identity crisis, many turned to writing as an outlet. Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a successful author that utilizes this form of expression.Writing Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a story surrounding the true life of a Latin American at an earlier time in history. This enabled Marquez to extract his personal interpretation of America and exaggerate it in such a way that it is unique and believable in comparison to thatRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez661 Words   |  3 Pages In the novel, a murder becomes a mystery case. The plot of the novel is to not only distinguish who committed the crime, but also, his/her rationale behind doing so. In order to avoid the reader having to feel like a speculator, perhaps, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez uses inconsistencies in writing to incite the confusion in the reader. This concept is best explained through the New York Time literary criticism article entitled, â€Å"MURDER MOST FOUL AND COMIC† (Michaels). Essentially, this criticism seeksRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1354 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez, multiple themes are brought to the table to shed some light on the tragedy that occurred in this small town in the novel. These themes, like social class, construct these personas that become the cultural norms that the citizens of this town seem to follow. The citizens’ ideas of social class have constructed the pyramid of power. People like Santiago Nasar and Bayardo San Romà ¡n are on the top of the pyramid while the Vicario familyRead Mor eChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1060 Words   |  5 Pages Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, is structured in such a way that the single event the novel revolves around isn’t necessarily chronicled, as the name would suggest. With the death of Santiago Nasar being foretold on the very first page, the plot itself is not a mystery. However, the fact the Chronicle is incessantly a mind-blowing masterpiece is because â€Å"Art is not a thing - it is a way,† as Elbert Hubbard wisely defines art. Mà ¡rquez weaves together the multiple perspectivesRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1636 Words   |  7 Pages In â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the author creates an interpretation of a small Colombian town, which is the home of a Narrator who recalls the details of the murder of a man named Santiago Nasar. Marquez employs a unique, non-linear narrative in order to detail the events and outcomes of the whole ordeal of both Santiago’s death; in addition to the events that were transpiring during the matter. Spread intermittently throughout the narrative are traces of methodicalRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez1240 Words   |  5 Pagesto risk his life in its defense and it’s conscious that he gains protection while he gives it.† Gabriel Garcia Marquez bases the novel, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, off of a true account of a murder that occurred in Sucre, Columbia. In the Columbian culture presented in this novel, he portrays the theme of honor as a fundamental value and important value that ever yone is obligated to respect. Marquez does this through repetition to highlight the idea that actions taken to preserve one’s honor areRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, developments in the plot occur because of the significance and effect of the patriarchal society, as well as the role of women in Colombia at the time the novel was written (1950’s). These developments occur with Gabriel Marquez’s use of technique and literary devices. In the novel, women were given considerably less choice in their life compared to women today. This ultimately leads to every significant conflict in the novel Chronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez Main Section Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is one of the remarkable book of his career. Mariella Frostrup said â€Å"My favourite book by one of the world’s greatest authors.. You’re in the hands of a master†. Many newpaper reviews considered this as one of the masterpiece of Gabriel and he himself considered this book as a turning point in his life. This novel is a account of a journalist who visited to the land after 20 years of the death of Santiago Nasar, a renowned person of the town. She visits that place and tries to find out the different details from the person directly and indirectly involve with Santiago’s death or is having any kind of relationship with him. The author has used Magic Realism as a motif in the novel and has very well presented it. It adds to the charm in the novel. It also explores the reality of the characters and community which is different from us. We actually understand the characters and the community much bet ter by the introduction of the magic realism in it. There are many examples of magic realism in the novel. The first example I want to quote from the novel which shows the use of this concept is â€Å"He’d dreamed he was going through a grove of timber trees where a gentle drizzle was falling, and for an instant he was happy in his dream, but when he awoke he felt completely spattered with bird shit†. Though being a journalistic style of writing still this sort of whimsical detail makes the reader think that does itShow MoreRelatedChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a journalistic account of a historical murder, is written by author Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez. Continually through his career â€Å"Garcia Marquez employs journalistic writing techniques in his fiction, and particularly in Chronicle of a Death Foretold in order to produce a seemingly more authentic and credible work†( Gardener 3-4). This particular novel reads as if it is fictional. However, readers are interested to know that the account is based on a factualRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1371 Words   |  6 Pagesyou can even learn from the events taking place within the novels. Stories I have read this semester includes â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez will show racism, international racism, and cultural traditions that I have learned about. The conviction and idea of respect in the Columbian culture introduced in Chronicle of a â€Å"Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is among the choosing parts of the character s convictions and activities. Any move done made to safeguard oneRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1388 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Fake News†: Analyzing Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s subtle commentary and use of minor characters through syntax, juxtaposition, and periphrasis Chronicle of a Death Foretold revolves around the reporting of the murder of Santiago Nasar by the author; Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, who operates under the pretense of impartiality and journalistic integrity to create a subdued commentary through his minor characters. Mà ¡rquez provides commentary on sociopolitical controversies frequent in his portrayed ColumbianRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1325 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Emily Quinn Candidate Number: Works in Translation 35 B2 Ms. Prestash April 9, 2015 Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold The representation and portrayal of women in the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez provides an in-depth understanding of the diverseRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1492 Words   |  6 PagesHowever often this may happen, Latin Americans are indeed American. Dealing with this identity crisis, many turned to writing as an outlet. Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a successful author that utilizes this form of expression.Writing Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a story surrounding the true life of a Latin American at an earlier time in history. This enabled Marquez to extract his personal interpretation of America and exaggerate it in such a way that it is unique and believable in comparison to thatRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez661 Words   |  3 Pages In the novel, a murder becomes a mystery case. The plot of the novel is to not only distinguish who committed the crime, but also, his/her rationale behind doing so. In order to avoid the reader having to feel like a speculator, perhaps, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez uses inconsistencies in writing to incite the confusion in the reader. This concept is best explained through the New York Time literary criticism article entitled, â€Å"MURDER MOST FOUL AND COMIC† (Michaels). Essentially, this criticism seeksRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1354 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez, multiple themes are brought to the table to shed some light on the tragedy that occurred in this small town in the novel. These themes, like social class, construct these personas that become the cultural norms that the citizens of this town seem to follow. The citizens’ ideas of social class have constructed the pyramid of power. People like Santiago Nasar and Bayardo San Romà ¡n are on the top of the pyramid while the Vicario familyRead Mor eChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1636 Words   |  7 Pages In â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the author creates an interpretation of a small Colombian town, which is the home of a Narrator who recalls the details of the murder of a man named Santiago Nasar. Marquez employs a unique, non-linear narrative in order to detail the events and outcomes of the whole ordeal of both Santiago’s death; in addition to the events that were transpiring during the matter. Spread intermittently throughout the narrative are traces of methodicalRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, developments in the plot occur because of the significance and effect of the patriarchal society, as well as the role of women in Colombia at the time the novel was written (1950’s). These developments occur with Gabriel Marquez’s use of technique and literary devices. In the novel, women were given considerably less choice in their life compared to women today. This ultimately leads to every significant conflict in the novelRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1060 Words   |  5 Pages Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, is structured in such a way that the single event the novel revolves around isn’t necessarily chronicled, as the name would suggest. With the death of Santiago Nasar being foretold on the very first page, the plot itself is not a mystery. However, the fact the Chronicle is incessantly a mind-blowing masterpiece is because â€Å"Art is not a thing - it is a way,† as Elbert Hubbard wisely defines art. Mà ¡rquez weaves together the multiple perspectives Chronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez There is a common misconception that one can know where someone is from or what they have gone through by knowing their current social location or address. This could not be further from the truth. There is always a story within a story that is waiting to be told. A story that may not be apparent to the public or even those closest to the person in question. Living in a nation like Latin America, Latin American experience this more often than not they must claim a mistaken identity that does not include American. In saying this many people that are from Latin America are cast out and seen as other by traditional American citizens in the world. However often this may happen, Latin Americans are indeed American. Dealing with this†¦show more content†¦This can be seen in the writing styles of Borges and Marquez. This time has passed with the introduction of stories like the House on Mango Street the life of a Latino/a is on on full display to the world. In her story Cisne ros use colorful language to express what it is like for her in Our America. This can be seen in her vignette The house on Mango Street. Her she confesses that this is not the house she had been promised â€Å" it is not the way they told us at all, it is small and red with tight stairs in the front with windows so small you would think they were holding their breath† (Cisneros,2009,p.4). This was in stark contrast she was told that â€Å"her† house would be one with a yard and no fence in the front. In her writing Cisneros speak of this new and different place as though it has promise for her. In contrast to her hope Latin American author Jose Marti states that â€Å"that land for them, go and live with the English during the years when he saw the English marching against his own land? These incroyables who drag their honor across foreign soil, like the incroyables of the French Revolution, dancing, smacking their lips, and deliberately slurring theirShow MoreRelat edChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a journalistic account of a historical murder, is written by author Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez. Continually through his career â€Å"Garcia Marquez employs journalistic writing techniques in his fiction, and particularly in Chronicle of a Death Foretold in order to produce a seemingly more authentic and credible work†( Gardener 3-4). This particular novel reads as if it is fictional. However, readers are interested to know that the account is based on a factualRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1371 Words   |  6 Pagesyou can even learn from the events taking place within the novels. Stories I have read this semester includes â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez will show racism, international racism, and cultural traditions that I have learned about. The conviction and idea o f respect in the Columbian culture introduced in Chronicle of a â€Å"Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is among the choosing parts of the character s convictions and activities. Any move done made to safeguard oneRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1388 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Fake News†: Analyzing Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s subtle commentary and use of minor characters through syntax, juxtaposition, and periphrasis Chronicle of a Death Foretold revolves around the reporting of the murder of Santiago Nasar by the author; Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, who operates under the pretense of impartiality and journalistic integrity to create a subdued commentary through his minor characters. Mà ¡rquez provides commentary on sociopolitical controversies frequent in his portrayed ColumbianRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1325 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Emily Quinn Candidate Number: Works in Translation 35 B2 Ms. Prestash April 9, 2015 Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold The representation and portrayal of women in the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez provides an in-depth understanding of the diverseRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez661 Words   |  3 Pages In the novel, a murder becomes a mystery case. The plot of the novel is to not only distinguish who committed the crime, but also, his/her rationale behind doing so. In order to avoid the reader having to feel like a speculator, perhaps, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez uses inconsistencies in writing to incite the confusion in the reader. This concept is best explained through the New York Time literary criticism article entitled, â€Å"MURDER MOST FOUL AND COMIC† (Michaels). Essentially, this criticism seeksRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1354 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez, multiple themes are brought to the table to shed some li ght on the tragedy that occurred in this small town in the novel. These themes, like social class, construct these personas that become the cultural norms that the citizens of this town seem to follow. The citizens’ ideas of social class have constructed the pyramid of power. People like Santiago Nasar and Bayardo San Romà ¡n are on the top of the pyramid while the Vicario familyRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1636 Words   |  7 Pages In â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, the author creates an interpretation of a small Colombian town, which is the home of a Narrator who recalls the details of the murder of a man named Santiago Nasar. Marquez employs a unique, non-linear narrative in order to detail the events and outcomes of the whole ordeal of both Santiago’s death; in addition to the events that were transpiring during the matter. Spread intermittently throughout the narrative are traces of methodicalRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, developments in the plot occur because of the significance and effect of the patriarchal society, as well as the role of women in Colombia at the time the novel was written (1950’s). These developments occur with Gabriel Marquez’s use of technique and literary devices. In the novel, women were given considerably less choice in their life compared to women today. This ultimately leads to every significant conflict in the novelRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1060 Words   |  5 Pages Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, is structured in such a way that the single event the novel revolves around isn’t necessarily chronicled, as the name would suggest. With the death of Santiago Nasar being foretold on the very first page, the plot itself is not a mystery. However, the fact the Chronicle is incessantly a mind-blowing masterpiece is because â€Å"Art is not a thing - it is a way,† as Elbert Hubbard wisely defines art. Mà ¡rquez weaves together the multiple perspectivesRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez1240 Words   |  5 Pagesto risk his life in its defense and it’s conscious that he gains protection while he gives it.† Gabriel Garcia Marquez bases the novel, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, off of a true account of a murder that occurred in Sucre, Columbia. In the Columbian culture presented in this novel, he portrays the theme of honor as a fundamental value and important va lue that everyone is obligated to respect. Marquez does this through repetition to highlight the idea that actions taken to preserve one’s honor are

Supply and Demand Paper Free Essays

Supply and Demand Paper Sandra Mendoza XECO/212 November 18, 2012 Linda LaCoste Supply and Demand 1 I have had the experience of purchasing a few different items that are listed as choices to choose from, but I choose to go with my most recent purchase, my college education. My college education has been one of the most important decisions I have made. I knew that I had to take this decision seriously and not just jump into it without all the information I needed since this was going to be a long term commitment financially. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Understanding the pros of getting my college education with a degree in business management out weighted any con that I could come up with. Since I was graduated from Tehachapi high school the demand for a college degree has increase. Both my mother and father never attended college and both were very successful people in the careers they choose. My father owned his own electrical business and my mother was the lead accountant at the California department of corrections. A collage education or degree was not as sought after to have a good job or career as it is today. My father started his own business at the age of 25 years old and has learned many successful skills through his years to be a successful business owner. Today many businesses are requiring a degree to work for them. The company that I currently am working for requires a degree to move up with in the company. You can start working for them at the bottom of the totem poll, but in order to advance and make more money they want the employees to have a degree. They are even willing to pay for part of your tuition as long as you pass the classes with at least a C average. The tuition reburcment played a big role in making the decision to go to college. Although I have a few years of experience in management, in order for me to move up, have more job security and a better knowledge of the type of management I am doing, I knew I needed to take the leap. I know that earning this degree; will provide me with more opportunities with my company. Supply and Demand 2 There are many factors when concerning the supply and demand that can cause changes to consumers going to college. The main factors that could cause changes are the consumer’s income levels and the employer’s expectations of having a college degree. If consumers can’t afford to pay for a college education, than they are more likely to wait and settle for any job that can help them meet their bare requirements to pay their bills. The second factor is if employers do not require for their employees to have a degree or college education. If employers were not requiring these standards, more consumers will not be willing to pay the extra expense for something they are not required to have. Consumers are not willing to pay an expense for something that is not going to help them secure a job or advancement with a company. There are a few substitutes for consumers not wanting to pay for a college education. One of these would be for the consumer to become an intern for a particular place. This would allow the individual to test drive the career before they start investing time and money into college, and they will get on – the – job training. This could give individuals a taste of a particular job field to determine if it would be worth the investment for them. Vocational trainings can be offered locally and through other larger organizations free of charge. These trainings can be very rewarding experiences for consumers. AmeriCorps and Peace Corps have volunteer opportunities lasting anywhere from 10-27 months that provide small living stipend as well as healthcare and childcare benefits. Some may even qualify for educational awards for future college expenses. References http://www. investopedia. com/financial-edge/0611/6-alternatives-to-going-to-college. aspx#axzz2CcogXWBG) www. nytimes. com – Burden of College Loans on Graduates Grows By Tamar Lewin Published: April 11, 2011 http://www. investopedia. com/financial-edge/0611/6-alternatives-to-going-to-col How to cite Supply and Demand Paper, Essay examples

Strategic Information System Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System Implementation. Answer: Introduction This study deals with analyzing the strategic information system that requires designing by undertaking various corporate initiatives (Walls, Widmeyer El Sawy, 2012). In this particular assignment, emphasis has been given on strategic information system as well as advanced technologies by identifying competitive advantage to the Business Corporation. In the first part, Disk4U case had been analyzed that sells various products and services. This company intends in revamping their business operations after implementing advanced technologies. In the next part, Sungate Foods business case had been explained that is a rice producer. This particular company finds ways in bringing improvement by exploring as well as implementing various information systems within a given budget. The current segment elucidates analyzing ways of business operations of both the case companies named as Disk4U and Sungate Foods. These case studies are analyzed in the assignment separately and recommended implem enting strategies such as advanced technologies as well as progressive information system through Enterprise Resource Planning. Case Study Analysis on Disk4U From the given case study on Disk4U, it has been noted that Disk4Uis a Sydney based corporation that markets products like CDs and Vinyl Records. In the current environment, Disk4U is finding new ways for marketing their products to the potential customers by way of physical stores through mails and telephone orders. In other words, new online platform for distributing of products has been represented by utilizing like Ebay.This company aims at undergoing process of business expansion by enhancing the manual procedures of accounting and business reporting. This assignment case study had been analyzed from the point of view of accounting and business systems consultants whereby Disk4U should implement advanced technologies for enhancing the functions of the business enterprise as a whole. Business Process Management The term Business Process Management is related with the purpose of various Enterprise Resource Planning application. From the given case study on Disk4U, it has been presumed that Disk4U should find ways in carrying out the business as well as market their products by way of using both physical and online channel for communication. Addition to that, Management of Disk4U aims at enhancing the overall business operations and check over the functionalities by way of bringing improvement of existing technology. Therefore, the analysis as well as periodic evaluation of the given aspects is aligned with the business reports that concerns with Disk4U as it assist in detecting the diverse challenges encountered by the Business Corporation. Enterprise Resource Planning application considered as one of the business process management software that aims at helping in improving the process for resolving different inherent challenges. This can be done by transforming the various static as well as simultaneously user-driven by using Enterprise Resource Planning applications. In other words, the business process management system should have the potential in mechanizing the various types of business process. Therefore, business process concerning with the client Disk4U can essentially integrate credit control procedures as well as provisions for diverse performance indicators. As mentioned in the case study, the business process requires monitoring as well as reporting in diverse levels of inventory, financial declarations and supplier quotation announcements aligning with the sales declarations. It is thereby viewed that management of Disk4U contemplates with refurbishing the several procedures of business prior to establishment process to Enterprise Resource Planning. This operation will be in bid for averting contagion for Enterprise Resource Planning system by having poor procedures. The management of Disk4U will be considering revisiting the entire system for streamlining of operations as well as boosting different functionalities. It is the procedures that need to be relocated as well as fundamentally constructed by the Enterprise Resource Planning system. It means executing the business process management as it will lead towards enhancement of overall performance of Business Corporation. This can be done by optimizing, executing, tracking as well as building the design at the same time (King Sabherwal, 2012). It requires implementing the advanced technology business process by improving business operations of firm as the management of corporation considers the enterprise applications in the most appropriate way. Addition to that, process for implementing ERP software considers as one of the type of enterprise application. Therefore, the ERP software can be utilized by the firm as well as turning that needs to be customized and evaluated data by handling the upgrades and placement. The management of Disk4U requires considering the following trends by implementing Enterprise Resource Planning software like Mobile ERP, Social ERP as well as Could ERP and two-tier ERP. In other words, establishment of mobile ERP has the ability in helping the staff members. It is possible that the management of Disk4U can introduce the Cloud ERP by way of placing the data cloud. Management of Disk4U majorly introduces the social ERP packages that require to be added with the ERP process. Business Enterprise aims at attempting for constructing ways after incorporation of ERP system for taking care of various aspects of organizational process. It has been noted that huge and costly failures brings out change in the strategy as well as process for adopting two different tiers of Enterprise Resource Planning. Supply Network Design It is noted that management of Disk4U mainly find ways for assimilating the various business procedures based on data framework, mobile computation, algorithms as well as networks and process optimization after adding with scheduling process (Degraeve, Roodhooft van Doveren, 2015). While implementing ERP application, it should consider business process management system as per the supply network design. This is the point where management of Disk4U will be considering the establishment of integration of Application Programming Interface. It can be noted from the case study that Disk4U advocates the fact whereby it is essential for using integration of API points. This will be allowed after establishing software-to-software interface considering different parties for interacting with each other after gaining prior knowledge at the time of intervention (Clemons Weber, 2014). For instance, various online channels of functions such as E-bayuse process after utilizing API integration. It determines the permitting in keeping the intact procedures by entering information in using credit cards as well as API integration. Therefore, Business Process Management Suite that will be used by keeping diverse facets for future evaluation procedures (Brown, Gatian Hicks, 2015). Several instances are taken into consideration after comprising information technology management aligning with the human resource management (Bergeron, Buteau Raymond, 2013). It requires establishing the support services process after comprising with the cross-sectional limits within the specified period. It brings out the process for understanding the managerial capability that directs potential value in a given business organization. Business Process Management will be considering adopting software tools at the time of settling certain business concerns. It mainly enables using Business Process Management by keeping variance between workflow and BPM software. Therefore, this help in automating work in uninterrupted process after enhancing in the most appropriate way (Basu et al., 2012). It is important to understand that support process design help in assisting support for major activities by using resources in terms of building infrastructure in given format (Boonstra, 2013). Addition to that, it act as proper differentiator by undertaking various primary and support procedures after generating direct valuation for target customers especially in crucial process. It is essential for the Business Corporation by taking into account implementing process of advanced technologies for manufacturing business operations (Arvidsson, Holmstrm Lyytinen, 2014). Addition to that, this concentrates on attributes at the time of implementing improved systems by handling the product data as well as scheduling and execution at the same time. The particular company manufacturing as well as marketing products requires implementing the mechanized process after acquiring data, lean processing, planning as well as scheduling and administration as per the product life cycle management. It is thereby important for ascertaining the business process for entering into a new stage after transforming to mature markets and using advanced technologies (Aaker, 2013). Therefore, cloud-based and mobile applications will be used for progressive analytics after applying collaboration techniques in the given functioning models. Case Study Analysis on Sungate Foods From the given case study on Sungate Foods, Sungate Foods is rice and wild rice producer whereby they mills up 80 tons per hour during seasonal peaks. For the year 2013, it has been noted that Sungate Foods employs more than 100 staff members in 3 processing or warehouse as located in Western Victoria and marketing officer in Melbourne, Victoria. Sungate Foods bought 350 farms and distribute and sells in domestically and internationally. The Business Corporation requires in keeping the stock for meeting the requirements of customer demands. It has been presumed that the management of Sungate Foods requires adopting advanced technology aligning with budget by developing facility. This requires analysis as mentioned in the financial as well as business reports of Sungate Foods. This will enable the management of Sungate Foods in detecting the current challenges faced by the Business Corporation. It is necessary for Sungate Foods in gaining maximum benefits by utilizing the company information system after exploiting their capacities at full potential. Addition to that, it is necessary for understanding the criteria whereby information system gains importance from major data processing activities in a way for managing the operational aspects. It requires increasing the effectiveness after applying information systems by adding more data. This can be done by collecting accurate and useful information in the most innovative ways. It is essential for Sungate Foods in managing the operations by collecting information from the case study. Addition to that, information systems majorly takes into consideration offering complete and gaining current information. It help in understanding the information system after gaining cost advantage from other potential competitors by way of improving customer services in an effective way. It is necessary for collecting sales data of Sungate Food s after providing proper insights for potential customers by letting the inventory produce items at the time of selling for a given period. Therefore, it means providing guidance gained from the information system after streamlining the operations in an overall manner. It is necessary for Sungate Foods in keeping records of several financial activities at the time of initiating financial and regulatory activities. This will help in finding the actual reason and take the precautionary measures. Sungate Foods will be using information system by storing their important documents and keeping proper communication records and data for operational aspects. By making use of information system, Sungate Foods can easily take part in conducting strategic decisions after delivering the potential information in form of implementing models for the final decision-making process. Some of the decisions are for making the selection of proper course of action from various alternatives and carrying out the activities based on corresponding tasks. Research on AIS or ERP systems for Sungate Foods The term Enterprise Resource Planning reveals integrated management of major business process that needs to be offered in real-time as well as mediated by using advanced technology and software. In other words, the business activity will take into consideration product planning, service delivery, shipping and payment, as well as marketing and sales. This reveals the fact that the system is an integrated and updated from the point of view of the business whereby it has core business process by utilizing the database at the time of maintaining database management system. This particular system will be helpful for tracking the business resources like cash as well as production capacity and raw materials. Therefore, ERP help in integrating the diverse organizational system and elucidates the error-free transactions and production for bringing efficiency of operations within Sungate Foods. It requires developing the ERP system as it will vary from traditional system development. Therefore , the system will be running on wide-range of computer hardware and software after checking the configurations and using database especially in information repository. For example, Linux Computer utilizes IT filtering router between network connections. Firewall software also utilizes individual computers protection systems that are linked to a public IP network. Sungate Foods should be using Information Systems after referring to the Management Information Systems. Addition to that, it is necessary for preparing the pyramid model at the time where MIS considers the managerial level systems as it will be used by the Middle-level managers. Using the above system will help in proper functioning of Sungate Foods in the upcoming financial year. This information system enables after allowing managers for evaluating the level of performance of Sungate Foods. This can be done by comparing with current aligning with the previous outputs. Business Process It is advisable to Sungate Foods in implementing Enterprise Resource Planning as it is essential for making changes from the previous business process. Addition to that, poor understanding of business process is the reason why there is need for implementing ERP systems for saving several project failures. Various difficulties are present that is related with the system after considering the business process as well as lack of motivation and training activities. This initially requires Sungate Foods in identifying the business process and there is need for implementation of ERP software. It is essential for bringing out the opportunities in case of process modernization. It is advisable for Sungate Foods at the time of incorporating credit control procedures after identifying the key performance indicators. This requires reporting, monitoring the level of stock as well as supplier quotation as mentioned in the sales report of Sungate Foods. It is essential for considering the fact that Management Information Systems takes place by collecting data based for the company named as Sungate Foods. Addition to that, input data dealt as the internal transactions of Sungate Foods where internal files are used for structuring the attributes and utilized by Business Corporation. As far as data processing is concerned, it requires merging, summarizing as well as sorting all important documents for the case study company named as Sungate Foods. MIS enables in bringing proper sales management systems of Sungate Foods whereby it takes into consideration proper inventory control and budgeting systems. This can be done by proper implementation of Management Reporting Systems as well as Personnel Systems. Diagram below shows how ERP Process work on overcoming issue related to mismanagement of data. ERP processes help in interconnecting data of each department with each other through a centralized system. This diagram is represented below: It is advisable to Sungate Foods in implementing ERP software as it can bring proper operations especially at corporate level. In this case, Sungate Foods should properly use ERP system as it will help in managing the attributes prevailing in the business organization. It requires using ERP system related to industry best practices and makers for Sungate Foods after deploying operational aspects after managing the stock level in the most appropriate way. Sungate Foods easily can gain information after implementing ERP system as it can track changes from the previous process. This will help in accessing the information as assigned from the current process after connecting with the use of ERP system. This particular assignment will be researching on the company Sungate Foods where risk of business process will be mismatched from linking with the current process as per the organization strategy. This implementation will help in analyzing the effectiveness on given process after understa nding the existing automated solutions in an overall manner. ERP implementation is pretty difficult when it comes from decentralization in as well as within the Sungate Foods in given innovative process, semantic, data and other decision centers. This can be done by understanding the business rues as well as authorization hierarchies. It is needed for making ways for migrating business units by making necessary changes. This can be done by reducing the linking from the Master Data Management. Conclusion From the above analysis, it has been presumed that the present assignment conducts research on AIS or ERP systems for the clients (Disk4U and Sungate Foods). It is essential for understanding their issues individually and providing with solutions. Both the case companies actually suffer from issues because of improper use of information systems. The current segment establishes role of management consultant in finding out recommended actions that will help both the clients in improving the operational aspects and lead smooth functioning of business enterprise. They should ERP systems by using different business process after developing the business requirements and determining the software selection. Disk4U was the first case company who plans for revamping the operations after implementing ERP systems aligning with Business Process Management. Sungate Foods, on the other hand, plans for using better advanced information systems for attainment of future goals and objectives. Therefore , the present report aims at bringing out the potential causes of issues and present in front of the directors in a way of identifying the need improvement at the same time. Reference List Aaker, D. A. (2013). Organizing a strategic information scanning system. California Management Review, 25(2), 76-83. Arvidsson, V., Holmstrm, J., Lyytinen, K. (2014). Information systems use as strategy practice: A multi-dimensional view of strategic information system implementation and use. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 23(1), 45-61. Basu, V., Hartono, E., Lederer, A. L., Sethi, V. (2012). The impact of organizational commitment, senior management involvement, and team involvement on strategic information systems planning. Information Management, 39(6), 513-524. Bergeron, F., Buteau, C., Raymond, L. (2013). Identification of strategic information systems opportunities: applying and comparing two methodologies. MiS Quarterly, 89-103. Boonstra, A. (2013). How do top managers support strategic information system projects and why do they sometimes withhold this support?. International Journal of Project Management, 31(4), 498-512. Brown, R. M., Gatian, A. W., Hicks Jr, J. O. (2015). Strategic information systems and financial performance. Journal of Management Information Systems, 11(4), 215-248. Clemons, E. K., Weber, B. W. (2014). Strategic information technology investments: guidelines for decision making. Journal of Management Information Systems, 7(2), 9-28. Degraeve, Z., Roodhooft, F., van Doveren, B. (2015). The use of total cost of ownership for strategic procurement: a company-wide management information system. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 56(1), 51-59.

11 and Michael Moore †Intro to Film Essay

Fahrenheit 9/11 and Michael Moore – Intro to Film Essay Free Online Research Papers Fahrenheit 9/11 and Michael Moore Intro to Film Essay Michael Moore deals with the taboo subject of politics with his film Fahrenheit 9/11. This documentary uses the rhetorical form of film making as its main purpose is to persuade the viewer to agree with Moores point of view. Regardless, of ones political view, this film is not likely to leave the audience indifferent to the opinions portrayed in the movie. Fahrenheit 9/11 is a powerful movie that effectively gets Moores message across but what is it that make the film efficacious? There are several aspects of the film that should be considered in terms of its effectiveness. One is that the movie uses the rhetorical form which means the entire focus of the film is to convince the audience of something and it contains some powerful arguments. This film uses three types of arguments: from source, subject centered, viewer-centered arguments. Each one of these elements contributed to making this film and its message more compelling and credible and each one of these elements will be discussed in further detail after a brief summary of the movie is given. As previously mentioned, Fahrenheit 9/11 is Moore’s attempt to link the Bush administration to the tragic events of 9/11. Moore spends the first part of movie giving evidence of this connection, using documents, interviews, and news footage. Supposedly, there is major deceit and gross negligence on behalf of the current president that caused the terrorist attacks. With this premise, Moore narrates a convincing story. From here, Fahrenheit 9/11 explores the results of September 11, 2001 from the Patriot Act to airport security to the war in Iraq. The end of the movie ties both these aspects together by appealing to the viewer’s emotion with scenes of the poor, soldiers, and their families. The purpose of the film is to convince its audience of the Bush administration’s wrongdoing so this type of documentary is considered to be rhetorical. If the viewer is a republican, Moore tires to expose the Bush administrations lies and persuade them to believe what he feels are the true values of that party, money. If the viewer is a democrat, then it seems Moore is trying to convince them of how important it is to remove the current administration. This is, of course, Moore’s opinion which is a characteristic of the rhetorical documentary. However, it does make use of evidence to help prove his point even if at times this proof is bias and, perhaps, purposely misleading. The last aspect of rhetorical documentaries, appealing to the audiences emotions, is perhaps the films most powerful element because it forces the viewer to see and think about things they may not normally have to, say, watching the news. Even if one does not agree with Moores politics, they are bou nd to be touched by the stories heard and images seen in the movie. This use of emotion is a device Moore uses to present his arguments more profoundly. One such argument is viewer-centered, which simply means that the filmmaker is using emotional footage to help persuade the audience of a particular opinion. Moore shows images that do not play too often on American television. He personalizes the war in Iraq by showing the atrocities that are happening there everyday. We do hear about the U.S. soldiers that have died there but rarely are the injured ones mentioned. In the film, you get to hear their point of view on the war and about their point of view about their various injuries, from nerve damage to lost limbs. Fahrenheit 9/11 also shows the suffering of the Iraqi people themselves. He interviewed Iraqis talking about how men carry around their dead wives in their arms and showed pictures of Iraqi women with severe face and head injuries due to the misuse of napalm. It showed dead Iraqis being piled into the back of a truck, a scene not at all dissimilar or unlike some depicting the Holocaust. Moore also interviews and follows a mother whose son was killed in war, showing her crying and getting into an argument with someone who was pro-war. In all these instances, Moore wants the audience to feel deep sympathy for all the people who have been effected negatively by the war, a war started by the Bush administration. This aforementioned war moves directly into another argument for rhetorical documentaries, subject-centered arguments, meaning an argument related to the films main subject. The main argument in Fahrenheit 9/11 is that the war in Iraq was started so Bush and is political friends could get richer and cover up their own connections to 9/11 and the Bin Laden family. Moore presents this arguments in several ways. According to Moore, instead of trying to find weapons of mass destruction or protecting the Iraqi people by removing Saddam Hussein, the war was started because of how much money Bush and his associates stood to make from it. As the narrator, Moore entered President Bushs thoughts after he found out about 9/11 and asked the question â€Å"which one of them screwed me†. With this statement, Moore setting up the next few possible scenarios of who was behind the 9/11 attacks. According to Moore, when Bush determines that it is Bin Laden that was the culprit, he chose to bla me Saddam Hussein by making false accusations about him having weapons of mass destruction and a connection to Al Qaida, Bin Ladens terrorist group. Bush needed to blame Saddam Hussein because he did not want people learning about his financial and personal connections with the Bin Laden family. Saddam, it seems, was a good scapegoat because while fighting a war on Terror in Iraq, Bush and his associates could make millions of dollars for their various companies,like Unocal and Haliburton, in the process. His attempt to prove this was by providing footage of several corporations having a meeting discussing how much money they could make from the war in Iraq. The film showed scenes of both Bush Jr. and Sr. cavorting with Saudis who had invested in their various companies. To emphasize this relationship, the film showed scenes of Bush and the Saudi while playing the song Shiny Happy People by REM in the background to convince viewers how close they are. Saudi Arabia just happened to be where Bin Laden and his very wealthy family are from. The movie also states The Saudis own 7 percent of U.S. wealth and if they were to take out all of their money invested in America, U.S. economy could collapse. Telling information like this, although one-sided, does give the appearance that Moore is well informed and knowledgeable about this subject. Thus, the last argument is from source, which is presenting the film as a reliable source of information. Moore may be most adept in this argument because, in some cases, his opinion are confirmed by the very person he is saying them against. For instance, when Moore states that there were no weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, he reinforces this statement by showing Bush and members of his party saying, pre- 9/11, that Saddam has no weapons of mass destruction. Moore also used news clips from channels like CNN and FOX networks that are considered trustworthy and credible. He also supports his opinion by interviewing people in prominent positions like congressmen. Moore is also able to present himself as a believable and educated person, even if this may not be true. As the narrator, he can talk in first person making the narration more personal. Moores voice, as well as its tone, changes in relation to the topic at hand. If he is talking about soldiers, their families, or the Iraq i people his voice is filled with compassion. When talking about Bush and his friends his tone of voice is sometimes indifferent as if he were merely presenting facts, but at other times, depending on the subject, his tone would become sarcastic. Moore also proves himself to be researched and visionary when he talks about Bushs National Guard record. Moore he requested a copy of this document, which proves another connection with the Bin Ladens, in 2000 and then one in 2004, when controversy about it surfaced. In the 2004 version a name was blacked out, which was the evidence in this link between Bush and Bin Laden. This name was not marked out in the 2000 one, however. Moore is able to show that he was suspicious of Bush long before other people were. This documentary in its rhetorical form can be considered a piece of propaganda but regardless of if you agree with the opinions it expresses or believe the message trying to be conveyed, it is hard to ignore because it makes such strong accusations. Fahrenheit 9/11 is a commentary on current American life and regardless of its truth, it does send a powerful and controversial message that raises questions and does deserve discussion. This ultimately may have been Moores point. Research Papers on Fahrenheit 9/11 and Michael Moore - Intro to Film EssayWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMind TravelArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Canaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

Computer Games essays

Computer Games essays The number of computers sold and the percentage of people who own them is steadily on the rise. Since such a big rise has occured, a great demand for more enterainment has been made for computers. The number of personal computers that have been purchased throughout the world has reached an astonishing 93 million with 36 million being bought in the United States. The percent of americans who have PCs in their homes is an amazing fifty percent (Samuel 52). Eveyone doesn't have the same entertainment needs which means program designers need to develop new software to meet these needs. Meeting the needs is a very difficult task and cannot be done on regular working staffs. so to keep up with the ever-increasing demand the software companies have employed over one million people in order to keep up with the demand of software and to stay ahead of the competition (Samuelson 52). Some people believe that adults are the only ones using the 36 million PCs. This belief is very untrue. Actually, children are the future comsumers of computer companies. Computer companies are developing instructional learning games and video games. The video game department is the main money maker for the companies. Since the companies are wanting to make more profit , they are starting to promote 3-D graphics, virtual-reality games in magazines and special effects to grab a hold of the kid's attention. Companies have brought a lot of new technology into the gaming world. The games are becoming much more real with number of bits contained in the games to produce the highest quality graphics. Companies are not using these advancements to reproduce the games, but rather to make newer games that require a new strategy or concept. Computer game designers began to take pride in making the scenes in their games as real as possible and as gory as possible. This raises a question of should kids be allowed to play these games. The number ...

The Character of Genji in THE TALE OF GENJI Essay

The Character of Genji in THE TALE OF GENJI - Essay Example For political reason, Hikaru is shown demoted to a status of a commoner. He attains the title with the surname Minamoto and starts his career as an Imperial Officer. Analysis of the character of Genji would not be similar to that of the other protagonists of the general novel - classical or modern. The novel is presented in a psychological paradigm therefore; the character presentation or the trajectory of the character development of the novel must be represented or drawn in psychological realm. A close introspection to the character of Genji will launch its readers to a realm pretty much different from the apparent representation of the character, just mundane to the Japanese chronicle. The trajectory of the character development for Genji appears to its readers with a broad spectrum. The positive and the negative aspect and both with the extreme appeal are well synchronised and presented elaborately within a single character representation. The fall and rise of the character in literature is evident and the character of Genji in this regard is not an exception either. But the rise or the development of the character of Genji is well coordinated and framed psychologically. The maturity noticed in the character of Genji and his maturity is shown with due time crafted out logic and it does not appear all of a sudden in front of its readers. The events and the course of incidents with due time makes Genji more matured and helps the reader along with the protagonist himself to have a wider and a broader perspective of world with a more edged and matured world view. During the initial years of Genji, he was noticed as an impulsive and emotional masculine with strength, courage and valour. But with due time, Genji was shown to be grown up as a matured male who keeps the capacity to balance his personal life with that of the professional. With tremendous display of the strength of character, he shows the

Chapter 3 Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 3 Synthesis - Essay Example the classroom environment and provide positive behavioral example (behaviorism) as well as mind the differences in culture, educational background, learning styles, and family life of the students (cognitivism). Constructivism emphasizes practical aspects of learning, asserting that all the participants of the lesson construct knowledge collectively, sometimes with considerable changes in the process, which requires from teachers flexibility and creativity. In reality, teachers should invest a lot of time in preparation for lessons: explaining the importance of activities, selecting activities, their sequence, playback strategies, and rehearsing. This will allow paying more attention to immediate reactions of the students: the chapter suggests assessing the progress of students and the atmosphere in classroom with maximal frequency. An ideal classroom works for itself in the sense that students work as much if not more than teacher and that they are so engaged in learning as to teach each other. In such collaborative environment, a teacher shares with students his/her expectations and his/her impressions from the process of teaching while remaining opened to the students’

Recruitment Memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Recruitment Memorandum - Essay Example A great majority of the fire fighters are male and white, mainly with an Italian or Irish descent. The recruitment process did not favor the minorities who had poor quality education; they were usually given essay-based tests, which they performed poorly. Another flaw that was evident in the process was insufficient advertising for the available positions; it was usually done through a word of mouth through the preexisting staff. Various aspects of the recruitment process presented lack of credibility in the recruitment process. Firstly, racial discrimination is quite evident; it is ethical and legal to give all people a fair chance in a recruitment process. However, even if the minority group is incapable of competing effectively with the dominant race, special provisions should be set for them. The current situation in the firefighting department demonstrates racism of high order. This may mean that the unrepresented races may feel insecure and may have no confidence with the services offered by the department. Secondly, the gender discrimination is a major issue that requires attention. The view that almost all the employees are male creates an impression that women are incapable of firefighting, which is not true. A special consideration should be made to incorporate women especially in areas that do not involve much use of muscle power. Thirdly, the administration of exams as the only selection criteria does not meet the threshold of identify who can serve the firefighting department best, other strategies are required. Finally, the advertisement of the vacancies is not well done. When it is only done through the word of mouth, it means a limited group of people will get the opportunity to get the information. It is obvious that the most targeted will be the relatives and friends to the existing staff members. Â  

Water is an essential component in our life

Water is an essential component in our life CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Water is an essential component in our life and it can be found in a very large quantity on the earth. Without water, there would be no living plant and animal. The water consumed by human originated in various forms and from various sources (Baba >et al., 2008). Lately, the popularity of bottled mineral water with consumers has increased due to the increasing contamination of water resources. According to the International Bottled Water Association (2000), natural mineral water is water that clearly comes from underground sources. It is distinguished from ordinary drinking water because it is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their relative proportion and the presence of trace elements of other constituents. Besides that, natural mineral water is also defined as groundwater that obtained directly for human consumption from drilled or natural sources from underground water (Malaysias Food Regulation, 1985). Nowadays lifestyles have moved most of the population towards the portable and convenient bottled mineral water. With a lot of bottled mineral water brands available in the market ranging from high end names like Evian to local brands like Spritzer and Mesra, todays consumer has lots of choices thereby making it necessary for the manufacturer of bottled mineral water to come out with unique strategies to stay up to date in this highly competitive market. Bottled mineral water has become an importance habit in peoples everyday lives. Bottled mineral water may even be needful, in case of temporary tap water contamination. Whatever be the reason, the trend towards consuming bottled water is predicted to increase in the coming years. Bottled water has been steadily growing over the past three decades due the dynamic sectors of the food and beverage industry. Water has endurances and sales appeal in any food service segment. It also free of sugar, calories and alcohol, and outruns juice, coffee and soda as a beverage for all day parts. Bottled mineral water consumption in the world is increasing by an average 7% each year, inspite of the fact that bottled mineral water has a higher price. The convenience of bottled water that can be easily purchased at retail outlets and easy to get rid of is the major factor leading many to purchase bottled mineral water. These factors have led to the increasing global production of bottled water, from estimated 142 billion liters in 2002 to over 173 billion liters in 2006. Danone, Nestle, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are the worlds top four bottled mineral water companies. Although Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are known as the big carbonated soft drinks manufacturers, they have also noted the potential in the bottled mineral water market and have been developing their brands and capabilities in this market. Although major consumers of bottled water are in Europe and North America, the most promising markets are in Asia Pacific with an annual growth rate of 15% (Frost and Sullivan, 2007). The increase in consumption in global with a high income is mainly due to the increasing awareness of the health preserving properties of water, both in its basic, hydrating function as well as a source of precious minerals. Table 1.1 shows how the world market of bottled water in the 2008, with Mexico being the highest consumption. Table 1.1: Per capita consumption of bottled water in leading countries (Beverage Marketing Corporation, 2008). Country Gallons Per Capita 2003 2008 Mexico 41.5 59.1 Italy 47.1 54.0 United Arab Emirates 25.4 39.7 Belgium 35.1 39.0 Germany 31.9 34.8 France 39.1 34.6 Spain 33.5 31.9 Lebanon 25.4 30.5 Hungary 16.2 29.2 United States 21.6 28.5 Switzerland 25.4 26.3 Austria 22.7 26.1 Thailand 20.3 26.0 Bottled mineral water is a profitable market in Malaysia. The market is set to undergo greater product differentiation with participants expected to expand into functional and to improve on packaging in order to obtain a higher share of the market. Competition is also predicted to increase with more private labels appearing in the market. Positive growth in this market has increased the interest of other manufacturers and distributors and the increasing competition is likely to support the growth in the coming years. In Malaysia, there are differences between Natural Mineral Water (NWM) and Packaged Drinking Water (PDW). Natural mineral water is defined as groundwater obtained for human consumption from underground water resources. It contains various minerals such as Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium and Calcium. Therefore, all NMW must comply with the standards as prescribed in Schedule 26 (Regulation 360A (7)), Food Regulations 1985. Packaged drinking water shall be potable water or treated potable water other than natural mineral water that is sealed in bottles or other types of packaging and is for human consumption. The source for this PDW can be from public water supply, surface water or underground water. The simplest way to differentiate between these two types of bottled water is by the colour of the bottle cap. Multicoloured bottle caps are given for natural mineral water while white bottle caps are only for packaged drinking water Competition from water dispensed by vending machines, the price of bottled mineral water, and growing consumer awareness of the environmental impact of bottled mineral water are found to be restraining bottled mineral water growth in Malaysia. Furthermore, the increasing of consumers concern for the environment, both in terms of the wastes resulting from the polyethyleneterepthalate (PET) bottles and the effect on the ecological system from wide scale water extraction, is also one of the reason for some consumers to prevent from purchasing bottled mineral water. 1.2 Statement of problem Based on Latinopolous >et al. (1997), a serious health effect that may cause by groundwater contamination is the reason for the increasing of public concern about the quality of groundwater resource in recent years. In present, the public is getting more concerned about their health whereby they are more interested to know about the water they consume. The most severe contamination of groundwater was recently discovered, where millions of people are at risk and consumption of these heavy metals contaminated water has caused widespread death and disease (Nickson >et al., 1998). Heavy metals are critical in this regard because of their easy uptake into the food chain and because of bioaccumulation processes (Diagomanolin >et al., 2004). It means that concentration of a chemical will increase in our bodies over time. Our body absorbed these heavy metals from the environment and they are stored at a rate that is faster than they are metabolized or excreted from the body. In traces concentration, some heavy metals like copper and zinc are essential to maintaining good health and metabolism within the human body. But if the concentration level is higher enough, even beneficial metals can be toxic and poison us. 1.3 Objectives of the study This study tends to highlight the specific element of heavy metals present in each bottled mineral water. More specifically, the aims are: To measure the level of heavy metals in selected bottled mineral water. To compare and compile the selected analyzed water parameters with World Health Organization (WHO) and Ministry of Health (MOH) water quality guidelines. 1.4 Significant of the study This study focus on generating data that will provide information on the concentration of the elements found in selected mineral water for public purpose. The data will help us to know whether the mineral water content present is in the amount claimed by the manufacturers or not. This is important for human consumption purpose where the public have the right to know the exact content in bottled mineral water they consume and is the bottled mineral water is safe for drinking, relatively pure from heavy metals. Humans nowadays also depend on bottled mineral water rather than tap water due to lack of contamination and it has a better taste. The concentration of these metals in the mineral water may vary depends on the location of the source and the companys manufacturer. 1.5 Thesis outline Overall, this thesis consist of five chapters which purposely to assist in understanding and easy to organize though writing process. The chapters in this thesis have been organized as follows: Chapter 1 of this thesis discusses the background of the study, the statement of problem, the need for the study and lists of objectives. Chapter 2 generally discusses on the literature review which are the theory and argumentation of the previous researcher about the topic. In this chapter, there are explanations and details about the mineral water, classification and its characteristic, groundwater, groundwater contamination, drinking water quality, trace elements, human health effect, health related guideline, bottled mineral water and lastly indication of bottled mineral water. This chapter will help us in further understanding the concept and why this topic is significant to be studied. Chapter 3 more focuses on research methodology. In this chapter research methodology is more on the way to analyze the concentration of trace element by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS Perkin Elmer Series 200). It is divided into several parts which were sample collection and preparation, elemental analysis, quality assurance and control and also statistical analysis. Chapter 4 is focusing on the result and discussion. It also include the statistical tools to analyze the precision of the data obtain in order to have a good data. It also states the results and the data interpretation between the samples. Chapter 5 as the last chapter functions as a conclusion to the whole chapter in this thesis. It also consists of suggestion and recommendation for future study in improving the way of conducting the project. This is followed by references. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Water distribution Water is necessary for life due to its natural elements which play a central role and it is important in human nutrition (Naddeo >et al., 2008). Water is the fundamental constituent of animal organisms and it is the medium through which all metabolic reactions happen. Water is the medium for all biological processes and a basic and essential dietary constituent. In other words, water is essential for life and, therefore, must be available to all, adequate, safe, accessible wholesome and, above all, should not cause appreciable health hazards, as it is needed for all other types of food (Sciacca and Conti, 2009). Malaysia which is located in the humid tropics is generally endowed with fairly abundant rainfall of 3000 mm annually (about 990 million cu/m), of which surface run-off is around 57%. However, seasonal distribution and variation, both temporally and spatially, provide some regions to be occasionally water-stressed. 60% of rain falls between November and January annually. Fast flowing of economic growth in Malaysia in the recent years, combined with periodic occurrence of lengthy drought has brought the problems of water imbalance into sharper focus, especially where development is concentrated in water stress regions. There are more people than what a river basin and groundwater can support in some regions (JPS, 2008). From data compiled by the Department of Environment (2005), the overall trend points to a slow but steady becoming worse in the water quality of rivers around the country. River systems as a whole, with or without confining reservoirs, 97% are estimated to contribute to the raw water supply source. The increasing population growth, coupled with rapid agricultural and industrial development, the availability of small numbers of water resources to meet increasing water demand is fast becoming a pressing issue. Due to lack access to clean water resources, consumption of bottled mineral water increased (Al Fraij >et al., 1999). 2.2 Groundwater It is estimated that more than 50% of the worlds population depends on groundwater for drinking (Fry 2005). Groundwater is the only source of drinking water for many rural and small communities (Hani 1990). Groundwater naturally results from waters that infiltrate from the land surface and percolate to the underlying strata. Groundwater must be free from organisms that are capable of causing disease and also from minerals and organic substances that could produce adverse physiological effects to make it safe for human consumption. Drinking water should be aesthetically acceptable that it should be free from apparent turbidity, colour and odour and from any objectionable taste. Drinking water should also be at a relatively sensible temperature. Water meeting these conditions is described potable, meaning that it may be consumed in any desired amount without giving any adverse effects to humans health (Cotruvo and Vogt, 1990). There is high interest on the quality of groundwater all over the world due to severe problems of water stress and deterioration of water quality. The quality of groundwater highly depends on the composition o, the mineralogy, recharging water and reactivity of the geological formations in aquifers, the impact of human and industrial activities and the environmental parameters that can bring effects to the geochemical mobility of certain substances (Kouras >et al., 2007). 2.2.1 Occurrence of groundwater Groundwater forms by part of the natural water cycle and constitutes a major portion of the cycle. Voids, spaces and cracks between particles of soil, sand, gravel, rock or other materials can be a stored place for groundwater (William >et al., 1993). Groundwater is occurred in various types of geological formation and exists in permeable geologic formation called aquifers which can store and transmit water. In many areas of the world, water does not flow in and is not stored in large underground lakes or rivers. It is stored in and moves slowly through the aquifer. Groundwater resources are underutilized in most parts of Malaysia (Jasni >et al., 2006). The hydrogeology of Peninsular Malaysia could be simplified and divided into 4 major aquifers that represent in Table 2.1. Table 2.1: Types of aquifers found in Malaysia (Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, 2004) Types Description Aquifers in Alluvial Deposits Limestone/Carbonate Rock Aquifers Aquifers in Sedimentary and Volcanic Rocks Aquifers in Crystalline Igneous Rocks Aquifers in the alluvial deposits occur along the coastal zones of Malaysia and are made up of Quaternary deposits consisting of gravel, sand, silt and clay. The extent, nature and composition of the alluvium vary at different localities. This type of aquifer is made up of carbonate rocks (limestone and marble). The quality of the groundwater is generally good but has moderate to high total dissolved solids due to soluble bicarbonates. These aquifers are represented by fractures within sandstone, quartzite, conglomerate and volcanic rocks. The water from these aquifers is generally of medium to good quality. Fractures within crystalline rocks and associated rocks, form this type of aquifer. The quality of water is generally good to excellent with low total dissolved solids. Based on Wilson >et al. (1983), groundwater comprises water from springs or from wells and boreholes used to catch water from the aquifers by means of pumps. Deep wells or boreholes provide usually water of excellent bacteriological quality. Groundwater is therefore often used without any treatment, except physicochemical ones to reduce hardness or eliminate off flavors and odors. The water pumped from boreholes or shallow wells, however, is easily exposed to pollution and contamination. Depending on the type of aquifer, the type of soil and its protective effect against pollution, the physicochemical characteristics of the water, and the levels of the microbial flora may be very low (Bischofberger >et al., 1990). 105-107 cfu/mL of microbial flora have been reported. In such cases, microbial and chemical contaminants may reach groundwater sources through wells, due to infiltration, leakage of solids at the surface, leaks in pipelines, effects of agricultural treatments, cross contam ination between aquifers, water fluxes due to rainfalls, etc (Wilson >et al., 1983). According to Aastrup and Thunholm (2000), groundwater can be considered both as storage of metals, as the movement in the groundwater zone generally is quite slow, and as a transporting agent for metals. In natural ecosystems it is the only agent for horizontal transport within recharge areas. 2.3 Groundwater consumption in Malaysia As surface water is readily available throughout the year, it is abstracted mainly for irrigation and domestic uses. Some pockets of the coastal region and is generally exploited by rural people to supplement their piped water supply can limiting the groundwater potential. Surface water represents 97% of the total water use, while groundwater represents 3%. About 60-65% of groundwater utilization is for domestic and municipal purposes, 5% for irrigation and 30-35% for industry (FAO, 2007). 2.4 Groundwater contamination Since the beginning of this century, we have been living in a sophisticated chemical world (Goodarzi and Mukhopadhyay, 2000). Groundwater contamination can gives major implications to humans health and the environment in urban areas (Dechesne >et al., 2004). The groundwater beneath polluted urban areas may be contaminated by heavy metals and trace elements and may contain a wide variety of organic compounds, all of which have a major effect on the water supply and the environment (Vidal >et al., 2000). In this chemical world, the pollutants that occur in our environment can be classified into two categories that are natural and synthetic. The natural pollutants are derived from the decay of plant substances, flow of water through rocks that contain fossil fuel and transportation as air or water borne components derived from volcanic eruptions or forest fires. Similar compounds, as those released naturally, may also be derived as a synthetic by product from anthropogenic sources. Ther efore, pollutants can be derived from a number of two sources in a natural ecosystem especially in the aquatic regime. The sources of some of the pollutants are often difficult to predict and (Goodarzi and Mukhopadhyay, 2000). Goodarzi and Mukhopadhyay (2000) also claimed that the distribution of inorganic elements in the groundwater is universal. They occur as suspended particulates or dissolved as elements, ions, or complex molecules. Some of them are toxic and carcinogenic to humans and other biohabitats. Based on Zhang (1993), rapid industrial development in the last few years has added huge loads of pollutants to our groundwater aquifer. Diagomanolin >et al. (2004) also postulated that the progress of industries has led to increased emission of pollutants into ecosystems. Contaminants can differentiate as inorganic or organic chemicals, radionuclides, and microorganisms. Mineral based and do not contain carbon are called the inorganic mineral. They may occur naturally or enter the watershed from farming or industrial discharge. Examples of inorganic contaminants are lead, nitrates, and arsenic. Organic chemicals contain carbon and access the watershed from agricultural and industrial run off. Volatile organic chemicals are persistent in the environment and have been associated with cancer and neurological and reproductive health effects. Examples include gasoline and degreasing and dry cleaning solvents. There are over 30 standards for synthetic organic chemicals, many of which are pesticides (Afzal, 2006) Based on Leeuwen (2000), there are many sources of contamination of drinking water. Widely they can be categorized into two categories that are contaminants in ground and surface water. The sources for drinking water production and contaminants used or formed during the treatment and distribution of drinking water. Contaminants in ground and surface water will range from natural substances leaching from soil, run-off from agricultural activities, controlled discharge from sewage treatment works and industrial plants, and uncontrolled discharges or leakage from landfill sites and from chemical accidents or disasters. Contaminants that occurred naturally are predominantly formed by inorganic compounds such as arsenic and manganese, which are derived from natural mineral formations. Organic compounds, pesticides, disinfectants and disinfectant by products are usually introduced by anthropogenic activity. Out of these pollutants, heavy metals are of major concern because of their persistent and bioaccumulative nature. Heavy metal is one of the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water on a worldwide region (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). These heavy metals can enter into the groundwater system by weathering and erosion or anthropogenic due to industrial processing, agricultural run off and sewage disposal (Kaushik >et al., 2009). Heavy metals concentration can increase due to the industrial effluents, non-point pollution sources, as well as atmospheric precipitation (Klavins >et al., 2000). The presence of toxic pollutants in groundwater has to be avoided in order to preserve the environmental quality because it can bring about significant changes in the properties of water resources (Natale >et al., 2008). Anthropogenic activity has often been the reason for the mobilization of natural heavy metal deposits (Vidal >et al., 2000). Heavy metal contamination in drinking water sources is known widely and has give effects to the population for many generations. Volcanic, geothermal and mining activities, in conjunction with evapoconcentration in the arid climate, are the well known causes for the increasing levels of heavy metal concentrations in groundwater (Karcher >et al., 1999). Heavy metals can be mobilized from initially inert minerals through mining activity. Acid drainage waters from mining areas can be highly enriched with toxic levels of heavy metals (Nordstrom >et al., 2000). 2.5 Mineral water Mineral water may represent a good source of nutrition which is necessary for the needs of human body (Ekmekcioglu, 2000). Mineral water always contains various minerals and trace elements (Saleh >et al., 2001), and can be defined as water containing minerals which are natural compounds formed through geological processes or other dissolved substances that alter its taste or give it therapeutic properties which gives good healing to any disease (Warburton >et al., 1992). Human beings required minerals for nutrition, growth, sustaining body functions and well being (Baba >et al., 2008). These minerals have various effects on the humans health (WHO, 2008). The demand for natural mineral waters is increasing due to the increasing of pollution in drinking water. The quality of drinking water is significant for health in both developing and developed countries worldwide (Cemek >et al., 2007). According to Wilson >et al. (1983), mineral water is drawn from underground sources such as a bor e holes or a springs. Mineral waters are different regarding to their composition and content in minerals. Natural mineral water that comes from the groundwater is the most valuable freshwater resource on the earth (Madan >et al., 1999) and it plays an important role in drinking water supply all over the world and is often preferred for drinking water supply and it deemed to be the best water for the consumption of human (Soltan, 1999). Natural mineral waters have long been used for medical purposes (Albu >et al., 1997). The term natural mineral water is defined as it originates in an underground water table or deposit, it differs from treated water in its original purity that is bacteriologically healthy and its content of minerals, trace minerals and other constituents, which must remain constant. Only natural mineral water has the characteristics that can benefits human health. Natural mineral water can be sparkling or still. During bottling, the carbon dioxide that causes carbonation also can be natural or added. Bottling is done at the source and treatments to make partial changes to the composition of or purify natural mineral water bacteriologically are prohibited (Cemek >et al., 2007). Mineral water run across highly mineralised rocks. The geological sources of natural mineral water are known as aquifers, which can be from different types, and they differ greatly in terms of their depth, horizontal extent, composition, and permeability. Water filtering underground flows slowly through deep permeable rocks and sediments and diffuses into the empty interstitial space of the rocks. Water picks up minerals and other elements depending on the chemical make-up of the strata while passing through the underground strata. This is why they have higher concentrations of minerals and trace minerals than other kinds of water (Botezatu >et al., 2005). According to Misund >et al. (1999), natural mineral water is characterized by its mineral content, trace elements or other constituents and, where appropriate, by certain effects, also by being in its original state, both conditions having been preserved intact because of the underground origin of the water which has been protected from all risk of pollution. The composition, temperature and other essential characteristics of natural mineral water must remain stable at source within the limits of natural fluctuation. In particular, they must not be affected by possible variations in the rate of flow. Mineral waters may be gaseous or non gaseous. Disinfections are not allowed in terms of treatment. The only treatment authorized is filtration or decanting and the addition or removal of carbon dioxide. Based on Petraccia >et al. (2006), mineral waters are of underground origin, protected from contamination, and microbiologically wholesome, present a peculiar and constant chemical composition, and have favorable effects on health. To ensure it is safe, they must be bottled at source and checked containers. Mineral water does not simply mean containing minerals in fact waters that run underground and are enriched with minerals by contact with rocks cannot be considered mineral waters unless they do not possess therapeutic properties. 2.6 Classification and characteristics of mineral waters Based on Petraccia >et al. (2006), natural mineral waters can be classified into potable waters, dietetic waters, and healing waters. Bottled dietetic waters showed that it can be used to restore salts and hydrate through experimental evidence and are useful in low sodium diets and provide the right calcium intake in particular conditions. Healing waters possess pharmacological and clinical properties related to prevention and treatment of specific pathologies. They are used in thermal establishments, under medical control, for drinking, irrigations, inhalations, and baths. The main classification parameters for mineral waters are rate of flow, temperature, freezing point, dry residues at 180oC, predominant ion composition, and predominant biological activity. The rate of flow of the spring must be stable, and ground water table must be deep, with a sufficiently large basin. Waters can be cold waters based on its temperature that is temperature at source up to 20oC and thermal water s that is temperature higher than 20oC. Based on the freezing point mineral waters are categorized into isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. Freezing point is influenced by osmotic pressure and mineral concentration. Based on dry residues at 180oC that is total salts in grams after evaporation of 1 L mineral water at 180oC, waters can be divided based on their mineral contents. Table 2.2 shows the classification of mineral content in water whereas Table 2.3 shows the current Italian classification that is based on the predominant chemical elements resulting in the biological and healing effects of the mineral water. Table 2.2: Classification of mineral content in water (Petraccia >et al., 2006) Mineral content Dry residue (mg/l) Low >50 and Medium >500 and High >1500 Table 2.3: Current Italian classification (Petraccia >et al., 2006) Types Description Bicarbonate water bicarbonate content greater than 600mg/l Sulfate water sulfate content greater than 200mg/l Chlorinated water chloride content greater than 200mg/l Calcium water calcium content greater than 150mg/l Magnesium water magnesium content greater than 50mg/l