Tree Plantation Essay Example for Free

Tree Plantation EssayIntroduction Since the dawn of civilization domain has a close relation with nature. Man has made friendship with nature. Nature helps us in many ways. Similarly trees argon closely related with our life. They are our friends. They play an important role in our life and preservation.Proper place for plantation In Bangladesh June and July are the best time for tree plantation. Bangladesh is a impose riparian country. So, Upper levels are the best suitable places to plant trees. Sea beaches and low lying unused lands can be used for tree plantation. in that location are many roads and highways in our country. We can plant trees on the both sides of these roads and highways. once more in the villages there are many proper places which can be used for tree plantation. The sides and areas that are lying unused can be used too.Our role to watch the tree plantation syllabus effective Tree plantation program should be expanded to the remote corner of the coun try. The officers connected with this program should take proper steps and needful measures to make it a success. They should try to make it popular all over the country. Most of the people of our village are illiterate. They have no knowledge about the enormousness of trees. Attempt should be made to make them aware of the importance of trees.Role of trees for our living Without oxygen we cannot live for a moment even. Without oxygen, the animal world result die away. Trees make the oxygen and spread it in the air. While inhaling air we take the oxygen with it into our bodies and live in life. Carbon dioxide makes our atmosphere or rather our environment poisonous for us. Trees consume this carbon dioxide and thereby make our environment safe for us.Trees provide us with furniture Trees are our constant companies in our twenty-four hour period to day life. We use them for various purposes. We cannot think of our homes, houses, residence etc, without trees. We use trees to make furniture, windows and doors for our domestic use. again valuable furniture is made from these trees. We also sell any(prenominal) of the valuable furniture to foreign countries.Trees provide us with food and vitamins Trees are a great source of food and vitamins. There are various kinds of fruit trees. They give us various kinds of fruits which are rich in food value and vitamins. They meet up our need and keep our body fit and sound. Again we export fruits to many other countries and earn a lot of foreign exchange.Its impact on climate Trees bear a great impact on the climate. If we destroy trees at random, one day the country will turn into a great desert. The country will bear the consequences of green house effect. Again there will be no rain and as a result the country will face a great crisis because ours is an agricultural country. And our economy is dependent on agriculture. Again our agriculture is dependent on rain. So trees play a vital role on our climate. Trees also save us from flood and many other natural calamities.Conclusion It is needless to speak the importance of trees. It is not possible to describe the importance and uses of trees in words. They are type and parcel in our day to day life. We cannot think of our existence without them. So, we should not use and destroy trees at random. Rather we should plant more trees for a better, happier and healthy life.

Should a Piece of Literature Be Judged on Its Literary Merits Essay Example for Free

Should a Piece of Literature Be Judged on Its Literary Merits EssaySteven Brust once wrote In my opinion, the proper way to judge a novel is this Does it give one an accurate reflection of the moods and characteristics of a particular group of people in a particular place at a particular time? If so, it has value. Otherwise, it has none. (Brust, Steven. 2005. Sethra Lavode). Brust, quite clearly has joined this debate regarding literary theories. He claims that if aspects of literary entrap, aside from its own merits, are not significant hence it has no worth. It is continually and widely argued by critics of writings whether a book should be based on its literary merits alone, or if only certain aspects, much(prenominal) as history, regarding its writing should be relevant. The relationship mingled with history and literary work is often questioned. There are four main beats that have been devised to let off this. The first regards a piece literary work as universal and belonging to no time period. The model states that diachronic context has no entailment in literary texts, and that both should remain autonomous from each opposite.Critics are concerned with literary texts being artefacts in themselves that surpass the possibilities of a particular time, olibanum the idea of specific historic context is dismissed. R. S. Crane supports this view and in an essay said history is part of the general history of culture whereas literature should be imaginative works considered with respect to those qualities which can truly be said to be timeless quite apart from any knowledge of their antecedent or historical affiliation (Crane, Ronald. 1967.History versus Criticism in the study of literature, in The idea of the Humanities and Other Essays Critical and Historical, Vol. 2. dough University of Chicago Press).In short, this model centres around the basis that a literary work should be judged on its, as Crane said, timeless qualities for example the quality of its lingual features and other aspects that give a work literary merits. The second model regarding history and literature is based on the idea that the historical context of a literary piece helps lead to proper understanding of it.A text is produced within a certain historical context but this should remain disclose from the literary context. This model is often favoured by critics that analyse literary texts by considering their historical background and context. This can be regarded to any aspectwhether it is political, cultural or linguistic. A 1934 study by Basil Willey The Seventeenth Century Background Studies in the Thought of the Age in Relation to Poetry and Religion shows even by its title a support for this model.It is implied that Willey and similar critics agree that historical context forms a foundation of understanding when studying a literary text. They would argue that literary work in order to be analysed must be understood and to be understood needs to be looked at in respects to its historical context. The third model when looking at the relationship between pieces of literature and history is essentially the opposite of the second. It centres on the idea that a literary piece can help us understand the time in which it is set.This is explanation talks about realist texts in particular and how they can provide creative depictions of historical events or periods. It assumes that literary texts are almost subordinate to their historical context and they are reflections of their time. For example Keith Thomas appeals to Shakespeare to justify this point of view In Shakespeares plays, the curses pronounced by the characters invariably work not just for dramatic effect but that it as a moral necessity that the poor and the injure should be believed to have this power of retaliation when all else failed(Thomas, Keith.1971. Religion and the Decline of Magic Studies in Popular Beliefs in Sixteenth and Century England. London Wensfiel d and Nicolson). This model is known as the reflective approach, it regards literary work as an aid to develop our knowledge of history using the historical context of a literary piece. The last model regarding literature and history is probably the most complex, though it is also seen as the most interesting to theorists. It claims that literary texts are connected with other discourses and this makes literature itself a part of history that is continually being written.Critics that agree with this theory, widely known as new historicists, argue that the question of the relationship between history and literature is wrong despite their differences the last three models assume that history and literature are fundamentally separate.They distinguish between the interpretations of literary texts and the transparentness of history. Stephen Greenblatt writes in an essay methodological and self-conscious is one of the distinguishing marks of the new historicism in cultural studies as opp osed to historicism based upon faith in the transparence of signs andinterpretive procedures (Greenblatt, Stephen. 1990. Towards a poetic of Culture, in Learning to Curse Essays in Early Modern Culture. London Routledge).Hence, new historicists argue that the making of the literary texts is a cultural practice, and only differ in their specific mode. No absolute distinction can be made between literary and other cultural practices. Theorists such as Hayden White, claim that this model implies that just like literary texts the facts of history need to be read (tracing the past is similar to intercourse a story).In an extract from Whites book, Tropics of Discourse Essays in Cultural Criticism, He writes Histories ought never to be read as unambiguous signs but rather as symbolic structures, extended metaphors, that liken the events reported in them to some form with which we have already become familiar in our literary culture By the very constitution of a set of events in such a wa y as to make a comprehensible story out of them, the historian changes those events with the symbolic significance of a comprehensible plot structure. (White, Hayden. 1991. Tropics of Discourse Essays in Cultural Criticism.Baltimore The John Hopkins University Press) Considering this we would come to the oddment that methods of (critical) analysis should be suitable for both history and literary texts. In short, a new historicist perspective think that in the reading of a literary text the idea of historical context cannot be settled, and that this context is decided by a negotiation between the text and the reader Ultimately, the majority of literary theorists fall on the side that receives the use and aid historical context when critically analysing a literary text.Only the first model seems to completely bring down historical context in literary work for the belief that a piece of literature should be timeless. The second and third model accept historical context as part of t he method of analysing a literary piece. However, still confidently differentiate between literature and history, they are seen as tho aids for each other.The last model is set apart from the rest as it does not polarise the categories and treats them as to intertwine subjects that cannot be considered without each other. In my opinion historical context should be relevant to the reading of literary text, it is inevitable that the two should overlap especially during an in depth analysis of a literary text.

A look at the effects of my Hispanic heritage Essay Example for Free

A look at the effects of my Hispanic inheritance judgeI am a part of the growing population of people of mixed descent, and am both privileged and punished by relating to my Mexican heritage but not resembling the stereotypical Hispanic. Most people arent aware, even in these times, that you can be Hispanic whether you are as snow-clad as melodic theme or as dark as its ashes. I have grown up privy to tout ensemble the privileges of a comfortable lifestyle, typically among Caucasians, both in my neighborhood and honors classes in my rural town. Yet I am reminded of my heritage by the food I eat, the style of music I wake up to on a Sunday morning, and traveling to a dusty, dog-filled village in Mexico to bury my grandfather.I wonder sometimes whether resembling my classmates in immediate appearance has been a good or a bad thing. They un takeingly offer up dirty Mexican jokes, only to find that I am not amused. They unwrap in me how they could never date a black girl or a black boy, and I cant support their sentiments. I wouldnt be here(predicate) if such relationships didnt occur. Yet, I dont think I would change the way I look to deter such comments. What I inherited from my mother is my disguise almost, how I can uncover what people really think slightly the group to which I belong. If they could tell that I was the subject of their comments, they wouldnt say it to me, but they would still think its okay. It gives me the chance to show them that there are some things that are never appropriate, no matter whose company they are in, because you never feel what is behind the affectation of their skin.Their unthinking contradict comments about my race dont bother me so much in comparison to other things. My area is known for its incredibly mettlesome ratio of chickens to people, soybeans, and other farming industry. This kind of economic environment doesnt bring a lot of culture into my town. The people who work in these low-income jobs are ty pically Hispanic, and they see some of my classmates impairments. They are poor, unable to speak English, and have very few nice places to socialize or live. When I happen to see a family walking, I notice there are many small children, but there are probably less than twenty Hispanic students in my entire high school. Hispanics are a large part of our population, but by the time it comes for us to attend high school, it looks as though many have already dropped out of school. I feel as though I am unable to fight prejudice around me when Isee fulfillments of such negative thinking everyday.There are some points in my life I have not been so willing to inform people of my ethnic background. I volunteer in a thrift shop regularly, and I have become friends with the older Caucasian women who work there. I have come to be treated almost as though I am a paid employee. One day, as I was restocking racks, a non-English speaking family comes in with deuce-ace small children. While I wa s in the storage room, there is a commotion in the store and I hear one of my co-workers angry voice. I heard the story later. The mother of this not even one-year-old child had watched him urinate on the floor of the store, without attempting to stop or berate him. She was about to walk past from him when my co-worker noticed what the little boy was doing. The mother did not deny what her son had done or offer to clean the mess. After repeated attempts to annoy an explanation, or even a response, the woman just walked away again, and away from her oblivious child. The family was asked to leave the store, and my co-worker ended up cleaning the mess. She angrily muttered about those damn Mexicans.This is when it bothers me the most, when I cant bring myself to contradict her. There isnt an explanation I can give to validate that mothers actions. Would a white woman allow her child do that? And I find myself thinking, No, she wouldnt, because she would buy diapers. In comparison to hearing negative prejudices about Mexicans, it bothers me so much more to find myself expectant in to them myself. It makes me wonder how can I defend my fellow Hispanics when looking around, it feels like Im the only one trying to break the stereotype. Yet on a more optimistic note, I know that the mother was merely a bad apple in the bunch. Not every group of people are all going to be saints, nor would they be all as apathetic as this one person. But because of her actions in such a public and value place, others are going to see her as a representative of my ethnicity.A personal solution to the weak ethnic pride in the community is to be a public example to the local Hispanics. However, even with quick in Buenos Aires for three years, taking Spanish courses in high school, and having half my extended family living in Mexico, I still cant speak the language fluently myself. How can I influence them if I cant relate at all?Im not similar economically, academically, not even th rough a common language. I only know a small part of what concerns them in life. My real incapability to change their situations bothers me more than any ignorant slur I hear.It seems everyday I ask myself that clichd question, How can I make a difference? I dont know how at this moment. When Im helping people in the thrift shop, they dont see a Mexican girl. The Hispanic customers see a white girl with dark hair and eyes, speaking in a language they dont understand, who rarely offers advice in broken Spanish. The other customers dont see anything that would change their opinion about those Mexicans.Growing up white, but with minority allegiances, has given me a unique perspective on discriminatory views. I know, through my own experience, that you cant speak out or know a whole person just by seeing or being in class with them. There is something that you wont know about them and wont expect. I am not an exception to the rule, and I know I have my own preconceptions of people I s ee, however unwished-for those thoughts are. In my Mexican heritage there are instances of racial discrimination. Her parents and community disowned my great-great grandmother when she married someone much darker than her and of a lower caste. The tendency for prejudice is not secluded to just appearance. Its among every grouping of people, from the American-born blacks discrimination against the Haitians in my school, to the suburban kids talking about the white trash.As a society, we will forever find some way to differentiate ourselves from others, from people who look or act different than us. I am hopeful for change, and I want to be a part of that change through achieving success in my profession as a Hispanic. Growing up surrounded by prejudice in every form, I am more realistic about humanitys capabilities and more forgiving of such transgressions that are learned from our elders. In spite of this, I am still confident that with time, no matter where one lives, all forms o f prejudice will be considered unacceptable to express or to hold.

Business Plan for Mobile Phone Shop

Business Plan for rambling Phone ShopThe purpose for this avocation plan to study the feasibility to establish a mobile send for showroom in Abu Dhabi City, the capital of United Arab Emirates. The showroom volition snap Nokia mobile phones as main product. Along with that we give offer a abundant range of annoyories and relevant spare partings.MyPhone provides both mobile phones products and dish outs to make them useable to private users. We are especially focused on providing customer propitiation to our esteemed customers. The products take on both hand held mobile telephone sets and servicing the products later on sales along with giving the necessary training and harbor.The besides focusing we can hope to differentiate intumesce is to define the vision of the company to be a technology ally to our clients. We bequeath not be capable to compete in any useful panache with the chains using boxes or products as appliances. We need to offer a real alliance.The benefits we sell include many intangibles confidence, reliability, knowing that somebody pull up stakes be there to answer questions and help at the important times.The authorized worldwide standard for wireless communication theory has just broken through the cc million-customer barriers. til now, the GSM industry is one of the most impressive success stories of the 1990s and authoritatively generates more(prenominal) than $ degree centigrade Billion a twelvemonth in subscriber revenues alone.We throw some study mobile phone distributors in the city, such interchangeable Emirates Computers, Juma Al-Majed and Jumbo Electronics. If our strategy works, we will have differentiated ourselves sufficiently to not have to compete against these stores.Our strategy hinges on providing excellent armed service and support. This is critical. We need to differentiate on service and support, and to therefore economise as well.Our business is a retail store. The ideal place for the pr ospected Showroom will be at the peeled constructed shop center in tourer Club Area at East Side of Abu Dhabi City.In order to open costs down as much as possible, we concentrate our buy with Nokia Regional Office in Jabel Ali at Dubai.We are going to have four major employees Manger, Sales wench, Technician and comptroller.There are some factors that will travel severely on the growing of our proposed business, such likeCustomer is looking into factory contract for replacement the defected sets. Nokia corporation will grant us without delay this harming of warranty.Usually customers are insisting in purchase only the original spare part and accessories. Therefore we are going to offer only original spare parts and accessories to gain the customer satisfaction.1.1 Vision StatementMyPhone is such a vendor. It serves its clients as a trusted ally, providing them with the loyalty of a business partner and the economics of an outside vendor. We make sure that our clients hav e what they need to run their private and business life as well as possible, with supreme efficiency and reliability. Our ambitious is mission critical, so we give our clients the assurance that we will be there when they need us.1.2 ProductsMyPhone provides both mobile phones products and services to make them useful to private users. We are especially focused on providing customer satisfaction to our esteemed customers. The products include both hand held mobile telephone sets and servicing the products after sales along with giving the necessary training and support.In mobile phones, we support three main linesThe less feature mobile telephone set, which is our smallest and least(prenominal) expensive line, initially positioned by its manufacturer as low-in lie with users. We use it mainly as a cheap mobile phone for workers and non- professional people.The Power drug user is our main up-scale line. It is our most important mobile telephone set for high-end individual as class ified for medium range of income, because of they are the majority of the users, and they are requiring sets with more features and large capacity batteries.However, we will offer a luxury type of mobile telephone set with extreme fancy looking and elegant design, for the f number class of the society and manly for the Ladies who are impressed for such model as part of their prestige in the society.In service and support, we offer a range of walk-in service and guarantees through our well capable workshop and professional technician.1.3 Key Features of ProductsThe only way we can hope to differentiate well is to define the vision of the company to be a technology ally to our clients. We will not be able to compete in any effective way with the chains using boxes or products as appliances. We need to offer a real alliance.The benefits we sell include many intangibles confidence, reliability, knowing that somebody will be there to answer questions and help at the important times.Thes e are complex products, products that require serious knowledge and experience to use, and our competitors sell only the products themselves.Unfortunately, we cannot sell the products at a higher expenditure just because we offer services the market has shown that it will not support that concept. We have to also sell the service and charge for it separately.1.4 Production of ProductAs we are attending to be as a distributor only for one of the major brand of Mobile Phone in the market Nokia. Therefore we will import or stock directly, and it will not be any kind of production in our firm. More everyplace, our business will depend on retailing and not on production.2) Company Industry2.1 Overview of the Industry CommunityThe IndustryGSM ( ball-shaped System for Mobile Communications)The definitive worldwide standard for wireless communications has just broken through the 200 million-customer barriers. Achieving this milestone of 200 million subscribers to GSM services is the powe rful result of the chronic need for people to communicate and access information on the move. With four upstart customers every second, the latest figures exceed, yet again, all industry predictions and demonstrate the persistently dramatic growth of GSM throughout the world.As at the end of 1997, there were more than 200 million mobile phone subscribers worldwide and the global sales volume was over 100 million units, an increase of about 50% from the previous year. By the end of the year 2001, it is believed that the global subscriber base will have grown to approximately 600 million. Coupled with the subscriber increase, the mobile phone sales volumes are growing due to the rise of the replacement market. GSM has established itself as the worlds leading digital wireless standard, and it is believed that the current growth rates will continue for the foreseeable future. At present levels, it is confident in the predictions that by the year 2005, it will have achieved between 700 million and One Billion GSM customers worldwide.The GSM industry is one of the most impressive success stories of the 1990s and currently generates more than $100 Billion a year in subscriber revenues alone.Its impressive growth rates are once again attributed to soaring global markets and the sustained discernment of new emerging markets.In all the markets it has been starting to see a widespread take-up of a host of GSM honor added services, beyond voice usage, including data and text applications. This demonstrates how GSM is an evolving technology that offers evoke new services and opportunities for subscribers.The future is even more exciting, as the development path for the GSM standard is clearly mapped out and presents an exciting era of applications and services that will stretch the bounds of the imagination. It is moving closer and closer to the delivery of third generation services, which will see multi-media applications, internet access and access to real-time vide o, via GSM-based networks and handsets. This will ensure that GSM continues to be the standard of choice and heralds continued massive customer growth in the years to come.The Emirates Telecommunication wad EtisalatThe UAE has a prominent status in the field of telecommunications as its achievements are r severallying the quality and standards of the developed countries. The demands for telecommunications facilities in the UAE are growing at a phenomenal rate. The local Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (ETISALAT) which is 60% state-owned controls this sector and 40% owned by private UAE investors.Since its creation in 1976, Etisalat has increased the number of telephone lines from 50,000 to over 850,000 and plans to raise switching capacity by an annual rate of 100,000. In the UAE, demand for new lines is growing at about 12% per year.Etisalat, motivated by the realization that attractive infrastructure would encourage many businesses to locate in the UAE, has become one of the most profitable telecommunications organizations in the Gulf region and has join in a number of projects, ranging from a 19,000 kilometers fiber-optic cable to link Europe with South-East Asia. The first stage of the cable link is to lay the alleged(prenominal) Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG), which will use the most modern submarine technology and provide the UAE with links capable of carrying around 120,000 voice conduct at any one time.Etisalat is the name that spells reliable communications in the UAE with global connectivity. Etisalat provides services on a par with the best in the world and has an good communications network, which is virtually fault free. All switching systems are digital, common channel signaling system number 7 (SS7) has been introduced, and an analog mobile radio receiver network has been operating successfully for several years.Some of the state of the art services be offered by EtisalatTelephone ServiceThis is done through popular call business leaders, earnings phones, smart card and credit card operated pay phones, smart card operated pay phones, and others.A report by the Etisalats director universal showed that the direct telephone switchboard lines increased by (10 %) lines yearly and totaling 850,000 at the end of 1999. Telephone lines percentage also increased from 29 to 31 for each 100 people which places the UAE in the lead of the Gulf region. The report also indicated an increase of 27.9% in public phones with an amount of 20,000 at the end of 1999 compared to 12,078 in 1995. As far as mobile phones are concerned, the number of subscriptions reached 1.2 million in end of 1999 compared to 128,495 in 1995. As it is roughly one-in-two of the population and 30,000 to 40,000 new phones were being change each month.Thus Etisalat maintained its leading position among the countries of the region by realizing the highest growth rates of mobile phones at 50 phones for every 100 people. The Global System for Mobile GSM Communica tionThe digital mobile system which gives a new dimension to mobile communications has been in growing demand because of its fine requirements for national mobile radio networks. These are high performance, international compatibility, fully digital operation, and encrypted air-interface. The UAE is one of the first countries in the Gulf region to introduce this service to serve the social and economic developments in the country.One of the main benefits of the GSM, is the ability to use the GSM service on most of the GSM networks around the world,ChargesGSM service connection Dhs 200 once onlyGSM service subscription Dhs 90 per quarterSIM card Dhs 30 telephone call charges (Normal Rate) Dhs 0.39/min.700am to 200pm and 400pm to 1200am, (For all days of the week)Call charges (Cheap Rate) Dhs 0.21/min.200pm to 400pm and 1200am to 700am, (on all days of the week)International Calls Normal IDD rates applyEmirates InternetThe UAEs window to the world offering connectivity to an immeasu rable number of network, computers, and users worldwide. The Emirates Internet was established in June 1995. The number of Internet subscribed reached over 25,000 by the end of November 1997.Fax PlusA new facsimile machine plus state-of-the-art service with a host of advanced facilities which lets the person operate even without owning a fax machine.Paging ServiceThis radio leaf service enables people on the move to be in touch in an easy and economical way almost anywhere in the UAE. tally to Al Ittihad Newspaper, the UAE is ranked 7th worldwide, with 10% of the population using this service.Voice Mail ServiceThis includes videoconference service, consultation services, and interactive information service.ATM ServiceThe asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a new service launched recently in order to speed up connections to customers. This is a broadband communications technology, which provides a way of transporting data from a wide range of applications using one seamless network . This service is being introduced to cater for the growing needs of education and business in the UAE and as part of Etisalats planning for the future.SatelliteA new satellite company called Al-Thurayya Satellite Communications Organization was launched in January 1997. Its capital is worth $25 million and owned 26% by Etisalat, 20% by the Abu Dhabi Investments Company, 10% by the Arab Satellite Communications Organization (Arabsat), and 10% by Bahrain Telecommunications Company (Batelco), and 44% is owned by other Arab government. The company was set up to own and operates the Thurayya satellite system, which will serve the rapidly expanding mobile phone sector. It will entomb the Arab states and part of Europe and the Indian sub-continent.The CommunityAbu Dhabi CityAbu Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates. Its population was estimated 850,000 on 1998, with 70% males. The Gross National Product was estimated on the equal fiscal year at Dhs. 65,850 per Capita which eq uivalent to U.S.$ 17,870. The Gross National Private Local Consumer was Dhs 25,040 per capita. The Gross National Government Consuming was Dhs 10,582 per capita. The Gross National usance was Dhs 48,926 per capita. Which can be lead to be one of the highest per capita in the world.Abu Dhabi is very Modern City. Most of its constructions are less than 15 years old. Since it is the U.A.E. capital, it is containing all the home base of the Federal Ministries and other government departments and authorities, beside all the oil and gas companies headquarters, more than 63 local and international banks and many regional offices of the multinational companies. In amplification to that, Abu Dhabi has One public women university Zayed University, two campuses of Higher Colleges of Technologies and several colleges branches.2.2 Major Competitorsa) Major DistributorsWe have some major mobile phone distributors in the city, such like Emirates Computers, Juma Al-Majed and Jumbo Electronics. I f our strategy works, we will have differentiated ourselves sufficiently to not have to compete against these stores.Strengths national image, high volume, aggressive pricing, and economies of scale.Weaknesses lack of product, service and support knowledge, lack of personal attention.b) Other Local StoresThere are more than one hundred retail mobile phone Stores in Abu Dhabi city. These tend to be small businesses, owned by people who started them because they liked mobile phones. They are under-capitalized and under-managed. Margins are squeezed as they compete against the major distributors and against each other in an prove to match prices. The competition based on price more than on service and support.When asked, the owners will complain that the major distributors squeeze margins and customers buy on price only. They say they tried offering services and that buyers didnt care, instead preferring lower prices.We think the problem is also that they didnt really offer good servi ce, and also that they didnt differentiate from the major distributors. Moreover they are depending in the gray market.2.3 Comparative AdvantagesThe marketing of mobile services to business users, and more recently to consumers, has resulted in spectacular growth in the number of subscribers in Gulf Area. Operators now face the challenges of rising customer quantity, the prospect of declining revenue per subscriber, and the scrutiny of performance by investors. Achieving success in these new market conditions calls for a change in strategy from mobile operators a fresh approach to marketing, distribution and customer service to attract more new customers whilst retaining existing customers and protecting future revenue.The buyers understand the concept of service and support, and are much more likely to pay for it when the offering is clearly stated.There is no doubt that we compete much more against all the box pushers than against other service providers. We need to effectively c ompete against the idea that businesses should buy mobile phones as easy and friendly appliances that dont need ongoing service, support, and training.Our focus group sessions indicated that our target professional users think about price but would buy based on quality service if the offering were properly presented. They think about price because thats all they ever see. We have very good indications that many would rather pay 10-20% more for a relationship with a long-term vendor providing back up and quality service and support they end up in the box-pusher channels because they arent aware of the alternatives.Availability of the stock is also very important. The buyers tend to want immediate, local solutions to problems.However, our value proposition has to be different from the standard retail shops. We offer our target customer, who is service seeking and not self reliant, a vendor who acts as a strategic ally, at a subvention price that reflects the value of reassurance that sets will work.Moreover, our competitive edge is our positioning as strategic ally with our clients, who are clients more than customers. By building a business based on long-standing relationships with satisfied clients, we simultaneously build defenses against competition. The longer the relationship stands, the more we help our clients understand what we offer them and why they need it.Service and SupportOur strategy hinges on providing excellent service and support. This is critical. We need to differentiate on service and support, and to therefore deliver as well.2.4 Future Products ServicesWe must remain on assoil of the new technologies, because this is our bread and butter.For telephone sets, we need to provide better knowledge of cross GSS and WAP technologies.Also, we are under pressure to improve our understanding of direct-connect Internet and link up communications. Finally, although we have a good command of accessories, we are concerned about getting better at the integration of technologies that creates fax, WAP, E-mail, and voice mail as part of the mobile Telephone set.3) Operations3.1 Location PremisesOur business is a retail store. Therefore in this type of business the customer will come to it, not the sales person has to go to the customer. It is kind of pulling sales strategy not pushing sales strategy. Thus, the physical location will be the key to success or failure to this business. However, the ideal place for the prospected Showroom, after taking in consideration the locations for the others competitors, will be at the new constructed shopping center in Tourist Club Area at East Side of Abu Dhabi City. As in new shopping center, we will enjoy the being in the summit reputation beside the advantage of parking lot availability, which has become a great problem in the city in these days.The shop will be at the ground floor. To grantee that all the visitors of this particular Shopping Center will have the chance to see the place an d they will be aware that a new mobile showroom will be available for them. Furthermore, we can utilize the front of the showroom to demonstrating the products in front of the shoppers, They will see and know what kind of products we are offering before they have even entered to the showroom.The area for the place is suggested to be not less than 100 settle meters that can be distributed as the followingLounge with area of 50 square meter. cardinal small offices one for the showroom manager and the other for the accountant with area of 6 square meters for each of them.Store with an area of 5 square meters, for the products with necessary cabinets.Service Area of 20 square meters furnituing with necessary tables, look to and cabinets.3.2 PurchaseOur costs are part of the margin squeeze. As competition on price increases, the squeeze between manufacturers price into channels and end-users ultimate purchasing price continues.With the mobile phone sets, our margins are declining stea dily. It is being squeezed to more like 13-15% at present. In the main-line accessories a similar trend shows, with prices declining steadily.In order to hold costs down as much as possible, we concentrate our purchasing with Nokia Regional Office in Jabel Ali, which offers 30-day net terms and overnight shipping from the storage warehouse at Jabel Ali in Dubai. We need to concentrate on making sure our volume gives us negotiating strength.Moreover, In accessories and add-on we can still get dainty margins, 25% to 40%.3.3 Resourcesa) We are going to have four major employeesEmployeeResponsibilitiesMangerSupervising and Purchasing affairsSales LadySales personal mattersTechnicianWorkshop AffairsAccountantAccounts and BookkeepingWe are in need for very little equipment to run the project this equipment will be bought. As no trend in United Arab Emirates to rent such equipment.4) ManagementThe management in the our firm believes very strongly that relationships should be forthright, work should be merged with enough room for creativity, and pay should be commensurate with the amount and quality of work completed.4.1 Management StructureOwnerManagerAccountantSales Lady Technician4.2 Professional Services Employee TrainingA) Legal AffairsEspecially in the beginning, therefore we have already negotiated with a very respectful Advocate office in Abu Dhabi City, who is having a good experience in the commercial and civil affairs. He will take care for all the Legal Affairs, including Renting Contract, livelihood Contract, and Labor/Employee Contracts, Revising the purchasing and banking agreements, etc.B) Accounting ProceduresThe financial information is too essential for an well-organized business firm. Therefore a bookkeeping system has to be maintained to include all the account procedures. Moreover, all the payments to be make preferably by checks, and not by cash. The daily sales to be deposited in the bank next working day. However to organize the purchasi ng of the goods, They would be imported by the banks letter of credit (L.C.) only.C) Insurance ExpensesOur mobile phone showroom should insure the business along with its stock. As our business requires insurance for such robbery crimes or thefts. Further, we will insure our ply. We can estimate the insurance premium at Dhs. 6,000 for the First year. As revenue increases in the second and third year of Business.D) Banking AffairsAs the purchasing of the main product will be from Jabel Ali warehouse of regional company of Nokia, therefore the financing of such deals should be on Letter of Credit (LC). We will intend to open two current accounts with two different banks, which will give us more flexibility in the finance procedures.Employee TrainingWe will have only four staff. These staff will hire them, with sufficient experience in the relative field. Therefore, no training is mainly required at the beginning.However, the regional office of Nokia in Jabel Ali exculpate Zone, they are organizing such training session, whenever new product is introduce to the market. Therefore we are planning to send our technician to these training session whenever they will be made available.4.3 Risks Plans to MinimizeThere are some factors that will affect severely on the growing of our proposed business, such likeCustomer is looking into factory guarantee for replacement the defected sets. Since we are purchasing directly from the regional office in Jabel Ali free zone. Therefore, Nokia corporation will grant us immediately this kind of warranty. However some other retail shops are buying their product from the gray market in Dubai. In this case, they can not offer any kind of grantee in their products. Moreover, we are attending to put this information on all of our advertising campaigns and sale brochures.Usually customers are insisting in buying only the original spare parts and accessories (which are coming from same manufacture). Therefore we are going to offer only original spare parts and accessories to gain the customer satisfaction.4.4 Implementation ScheduleActivityDeadlineRequired TimeStart DateRenting The SpaceJan 31,2001One monthJan 2, 2001DecorationMar. 31, 2001Two MonthsFeb 1, 2001Hiring the StaffMar. 31, 2001One monthMar. 1, 2001FurnishingApril 30, 2001One monthApril 1, 2001Importing the goodsApril 30, 2001Two MonthsMar. 1, 2001Grand OpeningMay 1, 2001

Behavioral Family Therapy

behavioural Family TherapyBehavioral family therapy foc mappings on numerous techniques much(prenominal) as operant conditioning, instruction, communication and problem solving, and contingency management. These techniques were interrupted by dint of numerous years of observation and research done by researchers known as Gerald Patterson and Robert Liberman. Many issues can be addressed by Behavioral family therapy such as anorexia, drunkenness, mental illness, childhood developmental issues, marital issues, and family problems. By addressing the familys problem guidely, the therapist attempts to place the therapy in the familys hands and during this process postulatement in the therapy becomes passing important. Behavioral family therapy aims to find the process that fits the family, not fitting a family inside a sanative process.Keywords Behavioral family therapy, communication, mental illness, therapeutic alliance, engagementBehavioral family therapy, alike known as BF T, is a type of therapy that focuses on the family as a unit (Lipps, 1999). This family intervention looks at the elements of training giving and skills act, as well as aiming to reduce relapses by supporting and improving communication and problem solving skills (Campbell, 2004). With the support of empirical studies, BFT has developed its approach over years of research and practice. Behavioral family therapy not only addresses lookal issues within the family, alone individual family members with mental disorders as well. This type of therapy covers a broad scope of different types of families and issues.Beginning information on portal family therapy started with simple cases regarding children that take ond bedtime tantrums, nocturnal enuresis, aggressive behavior, and language training with autistic children (Falloon, 1991). Outside of work with children, spouses were involved in BFT to support in the desensitization of anxiety disorders (Falloon, 1991).During these early stages of behavioural family therapy the techniques were individually centered rather than family focused, but the family was still considered a large part in the individuals life.During the start of behavioral family therapy it was thought that negative behaviors from family members came from other family members operant honourments. From this concept, it was concluded that the strategies used in behavioral family therapy should involve changing not only the family member with the negative behavior, but the family members behavior who was reinforcing the negative behavior (Falloon, 1991). During therapy, therapists instructed family members with specific directions on how they should respond to undesirable behavior. While in session, the therapist would so mimic the appropriate behavior towards the unsought behavior when a family member was displaying the negative behavior. The success of the treatment was imbeded on how legion(predicate) times the deviant behavior occurred, and then the amount the deviant behavior decreased.A pioneer in Behavioral family therapy, Gerald Patterson, created an understanding that laboratory experiments argon much different than clinical experiments due to the complexity of the family life style (Falloon, 1991). He was a key individual when it came to formulating behavioral family therapy. Patterson provided several research studies that employed several different therapeutic techniques. One strategy that Patterson tried to incorporate into therapy was to develop a method to move the therapists role as the key mediator away from the family, so that the family would be able to make use of social-learning techniques by themselves (Falloon, 1991). In order to change the behavior within the family, Patterson found that it was important to not only change the parents behavior, but the other family members behavior as well, so that the family could then create a sense of reciprocity (Falloon, 1991). Patterson also noted in his r esearch that the coercion of family members only increased the negative responses and only provided a misfortunate term correction to the negative problem (Falloon, 1991). Patterson created the pathway for behavioral family therapy with his research and application in the therapy session.Other strategies that elevated behavioral family therapy to its current status, were suggested by research done by several other researchers. One strategy intromits the give to get approach. The give to get approach is when a family member categorically and overconfidently rewards another family members behavior specifically, with a family member that they are in conflict with (Falloon, 1991). The thought behind this approach is that it is much more likely that the family members behavior will change in order to please someone, who pleases them (Falloon, 1991). Another strategy overwhelms the contingency contract. The contingency contract is an approach where each family member creates a lean ing of behaviors that the individual will perform for other family members (Falloon, 1991). After deciding between family members which behaviors will be able to be performed, a contract is drawn up. These behaviors facilitate as tokens that are exchanged as rewards for their targeted positive behaviors, not negative behaviors (Falloon, 1991). These strategies are ways for therapists to help families change negative behaviors into positive behaviors by working together and implementing approaches that work for that specific family formation.Robert Liberman was a psychologist that worked with mentally ill adult population within the guidelines of behavioral family therapy. Liberman furthered Behavioral family therapy by including two strategies, role recital and modeling (Falloon, 1991). These strategies were used by Liberman with therapeutic alliance and a detailed assessment of functional relationships. Liberman not only looked at the symptoms the family was having, but the inte raction patterns, achievement of short and long term goals, and the extra familial issues that affect the family system (Falloon, 1991). The extra familial issues that affect the family system include education, social-services, and medical services. Liberman had the idea to include the extra familial factors within the therapy so that the symptoms were not the only focus in the sessions, but the long term achievement of st cleverness. In a family system with an individual with a mental illness, Liberman found it important to look at all aspects that would affect the family (Falloon, 1991).Within behavioral family therapy there are several behavioral-changing strategies that are used, which include contingency contracting, operant conditioning, and communication-skills training (Falloon, 1991). These strategies are applied to produce a specific change that is within the familys therapeutic goals. During therapy the therapist makes the decision when to use certain(a) strategies base d on the familys functioning. When reviewing behavioral family therapy, the practice of therapy has found that only a few interventions were used across a broad range of therapy (Falloon, 1991). These interventions include education, communication and problem solving training, operant conditioning approaches, and contingency management (Falloon, 1991). Education can vary in the way it is displayed. Educating families about issues they deal with in their family, such as mental illness or the development of child milestones can provide families with the information they need to reach their goals. Communication training provides families with the ability to directly transfer information from one family member to another member. Effective communication can provide resolution to problems and attainment to their goals (Falloon, 1991). Operant conditioning strategies include time-out and shaping procedures to increase sought-after behaviors. Operant conditioning approaches are often taught to parents with children or families who have severe disabilities (Falloon, 1991). Operant conditioning goes along with education in that both deal with training and learning. The contingency contract is used to substitute hostile, coercive, blaming patterns of family behavior with more satisfying behaviors (Falloon, 1991).The therapists role in behavioral family therapy is to stay fresh a supportive therapeutic alliance and to be able to keep an on going assessment of the family so that accurate interventions can be used (Falloon, 1991). As the therapist, it is important to look at the responses made by the family member and use those responses to help the family best cope with their situation. Encouraging family members to take advantage of their strengths by think on their own feedback will allow the family members to move towards resolving problems and reaching goals (Falloon, 1991). It is important for the therapist to convey positive and negative feelings in a direct manner that works towards positive behavior within the family. The therapist is the individual who matches the intervention to the family (Falloon, 1991). It is important for the therapist to match the intervention to the family instead of forcing the family into an intervention that whitethorn not be able to assist the family with their goals (Falloon, 1991). Not only are interventions thoroughly thought through, but the termination of therapy begins in the beginning of therapy. The therapist tells the family members how many session the family will be given and reminds the family every other session that the termination period is getting closer. By the therapist planning the termination in the beginning it gives the family a chance to become independent from the therapist (Falloon, 1991).Behavioral family therapy can be used with several different types of issues. Three common issues that were found in the research were schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, and alcohol abuse issues. Past res earch supports that family interventions for schizophrenic members demonstrates helpful engagement in the family (James, Cushway, Fadden, 2006). James, Cushway, Fadden (2006) provide statistical reasoning that behavioral family therapy has a lower dropout rate than other familial therapy groups by twelve percent. Once families became intermeshed in behavioral family therapy the entire family was more likely to stay engaged (James, Cushway, Fadden, 2006). Those families who do not begin engaged or stay engaged in the therapeutic process are more likely to drop out. In James, Cushway, Faddens (2006) qualitative research it was found that the more reflective the therapist was towards the family the more engaged the family was able to become with the therapy. Being reflective becomes important when creating a therapeutic alliance because reflection creates trust between the family and therapist. The therapeutic alliance in behavioral family therapy becomes the most important qualit y due to the amount of change that is going to occur (James, Cushway, Fadden, 2006). When working with schizophrenia, a therapist tends to work harder to gain that therapeutic alliance. This could be due to the family not wanting to change what already works with certain members, or that the family members do not trust anyone making changes in their family when they are worried about the outcome of the mentally ill family member. Being able to engage with each member of the family, including a schizophrenic member, will gain the therapist a trusting relationship which will in turn, help the family create positive change in their familial structure.Anorexia nervosa and alcohol problems are both issues that behavioral family therapy can address. Ball Mitchell (2004) found through their research that with anorexic clients and their families BFT had shown a juicy trend towards less negative communication after treatment. The research had also shown that significant improvements over time included eating attitudes and behaviors, self-esteem, depression, and state anxiety (Ball Mitchell, 2004). Regarding alcohol problems, Lipps (1999) found that reinforcement is important in behavioral family therapy. When involving the family in the process of changing an alcoholics behavior supporting the reinforcement from the family towards the family member is particularly important. It is important for family members to reinforce the modification of the environment so that drinking behaviors are changed (Lipps, 1999). Operant conditioning can also be utilized with changing an alcoholics behavior with family members. When behavioral family therapy addresses alcoholism it assumes that environmental factors manipulate behavior from members (Lipps, 1999). Both, anorexia and alcoholism use a type of reinforcement to work within the context of behavioral family therapy to push for changes within family members. collectable to the openness of behavioral family therapy, my family and I went through BFT numerous times, but each time there was a different situation being addressed. Going through behavioral family therapy for the first time when I was younger, my family and I needed help dealing with my ADHD. I was having trouble in school and at home. Our therapist worked with my parents in training them how to respond to desirable behaviors and how to ignore negative behaviors. I was reinforced through the behaviors that my parents displayed towards me. Eventually, my behavior started to change into more positive and desirable ways. I began doing my formulation and started doing my chores at home. Concentration was hard for me, but in time with behavioral therapy and medication my ability to concentrate gradually increased. Behavioral family therapy has helped me and my family deal with a hardship. By working through this hardship with my family in therapy I learned to love school and I am now in my masters, somewhere my parents and I never thought Id be.Beh avioral family therapy addresses numerous issues and involves several interventions that can be used to work within the specific family system. This type of therapy not only puts the family members in the driver seat, but allows the family to work, support, and value the relationships and changes in their system (Campbell, 2004). Behavioral family therapy also allows the family to acquire new skills and these new skills help open communication and trust with in the family (Campbell, 2004). Overall, behavioral family therapy gives the family choices in how they want to run their sessions. The therapist allows the family to run the session while educating and teaching the family techniques along the way. Along with the numerous techniques, it is important for individuals going into BFT to take constraint and engage in their therapy. Without trying and wanting change, behavioral family therapy can only give the family what the family wants to take from the therapy.

How to Give a Good Presentation

How to Give a Good PresentationINTRODUCTIONOral video display is a con talk where you tape your knowledge on a particular subject and deliver an address to an audition. It is also the process of speaking to a group a people. Oral entry skills crowd out be perk upt by anyone and these skills provoke help you deeply if you wish to perform well in the incoming. Most authoritatively, viva demo can really help you to improve your social skills where you can enhance your self confidence and deal with any situation. Oral presentation also can heighten your academic and passkey skills beca substance abuse it can be used in different ways and different stold ages or contexts especially in academic and cable context. Furthermore, oral presentation go away help to improve your leadership skills as you carry to learn how to present yourself to auditory modality.In a university or college, students ar always required to give oral presentations in the classroom and during semina rs. The ability to demonstrate rigive oral presentations is very(prenominal) classic to their further academic triumph. In localise to call on professional presenters, they need to enhance their academic and oral skills when preparing presentations. Ferris (1998) surveyed 683 foreigner English speaking undergraduates and postgraduates in an American university and the results show that 70% always, often or some clips had problems in formal obstetrical delivery. Most students lack self-confidence to give oral academic presentations, especially for learner presenters. Therefore, the strategy students use in preparing presentations is very important. Oral presentation skills include number choosing, effective visual aid, an appropriate voice communication opening and organization of presentation among other things. As graduate students need to give an oral presentation in the classroom and seminars, it is important to know that successful presentations depend on skills and str ategies they use.In recent years, the English voice communication has become the most important mode of communication in the world because English is communicate by more people than any other language. In show to sound educated and literate, people need to thoroughly study English. English is also usually used for communication in universities and colleges. Most lectures are conducted in English and the students need to be more involved in understanding English so that the learning process more effective. Therefore, with having proper English, the student can focus on their learning without universe hindered by lack of communication skills.Nowadays, we must use proper English and unplayful speech if we want to glide path in the professional world. While working in any field, one has to be professional and studying English is important in rescript to foregather a good career in your life. One has to attend training classes for English where one can learn more legers to expan d ones vocabulary. Having to learn more words makes you able to pronounce them with ease and that can make your communication and speech skills better. While studying English at school, college or university, it is unthinkable to get an A grade in English, in statuss of communication, if you cannot speak the language. Spoken English is used in the best careers, the best universities, and is increasingly being used at job interviews.SPEAKING IN A FORMAL ACADEMIC CONTEXTSpeaking within the academic context is becoming an important as t severallying methods change to involve more joint projects and group marks. It is therefore important to try to be more aware of what is involved in seminar or group activity and to learn some of the interactional language that is used there. It is important to practice making presentations, taking part in discussions on academic reports and so on. As a university or college student, you are learning how to speak formally with your lecturers in the c lassroom. Learning how to speak in formal term can avoid miscommunication or misunderstanding. Moreover, understanding the characteristics of communication whitethorn also help you to become a better communicator in your college, personal life and professional career.Below are the dos and donts in a speaking in a formal academic contextDosSpeak in a proper EnglishSpeak loudly and benefitly. Sound confident.Speak slowly to get understanding and respect for what you are sayingTo make your audience rule involved, use your eye contact and body languageDontsDont speak in broken EnglishDont mumble and sound not confidentDont read word by word from your textDont waste your audiences time by speaking about something which is not relevant to the progenyDont hide behind something and cause the audience not to be able to see you clearlyAs we understand, there are many definitions of communication. Carl Rogers (1952) defined communication as listening, understanding and interpreting the mea ning Elizabeth Tierney (1998) defined it as you deliver the message, audience receives, reacts and responds to your message Julia Wood (2009) defined it as delivering a message with symbols to create and interpret data and Joseph Devito (2009) say that communication is a process where one person or more sends and receives message, distorted by hinderance, occur within a context, have some effect and provides for feedback. In summary, the definition of communication is the process by which culture is transmuted between senders and receivers with the aim of achieving mutual understanding. In communication, there are three models which areLinear Model Views communication as a straight line where communication process is only in one direction. Laswells (1948) designed communication utilize the one way process Shannon and Weavers (1949) added noise as a component between senders and receivers.Interactive Model Schramm (1955) shows that there is still a sender, receiver, message a nd noise but receiver providing feedback to sender. Both take turns to speak and listen to each other especially in their field experiences.The third model communication so far is the one that is most often usedTransactional Model Wood (2001), shows that the chemical elements in communication are interdependent. When we look at people talking to each other, it is effortless to see that bit we do take turns, sometimes we talk simultaneously or we whitethorn talk to one another. David Worley (2008) said there is no time laps sending and receiving message in transactional model. People send and receive message simultaneously, act as senders and receivers at the resembling time at least dickens places at once. In the transactional model, two people communicate with multiple messages through what may be multiple channels and with parallel messages. As with other models, the messages may be distorted and the people may be distracted, resulting in misunderstanding that fuels and hind ers the model. We often speak in a transactional way, where we exchange messages. In doing so we may also be exchanging values to one another, for example in a greeting where each person gives the other a sense of comfort through a defined transactional ritual. The actual transaction can be highly dependent on context. For example the transactions between people at floor is often quite different between those at work or on the street. The transactional character between teacher and student is worth noting. They influence each other. We have all had teachers that seem to treat us with disfavor. The result is that we may react negatively to being treated as such(prenominal). Ironically, the negative responses reinforce the teachers buffer attitudes and expectation. This is also quite evident in children/parent relationships. Parenting is not based just on what parents think they should do. Children influence parents just as much as parents influence their children.Public speaking is the way of delivering a speech in front of an audience. Speaking in front of a group of people takes a lot of bravery and detailed preparation. To be a good public speaker one needs skills and strategies. Public speaking skills are the key to success in almost any profession. Public speaking skills are important not only in making professional presentations but also to realize professional network. Whether it is small talk or academic presentation, the ability to present oneself effectively is a deciding factor of career related success in academics. With a few strategies, it is possible to reach the set goals respectively.To make the presentation effective, the presenter must consider a few elements and the most important element is the audience. You need to know your audiences characteristic and the diversity of the audience. It is very important to know your audience in delivering your speech. Before the speech, you will analyze your audience more than while you are actually pr esenting the speech (Grice Skinner, 2007). The types of information needed in audience analysis are stated as belowAge to consider the age range because there is a need to use information that is familiar to the listenersGender men and women share a broad range of experiences and different socialization, topic can be made relevant to both gendersEducation the audience has a variety of educational backgrounds and it is can affect the topic chosen to spoken about and how to approach the topicProfessional the audience has a variety of professional backgrounds. Needs to know the job requirement for each employee and not blur a topic with a professional functionLevel of Knowledge and Experience the presenter must know the knowledge and experience level of the audience so that the presenter can better focus on the presentation and deliver information using the right level of detail.Languages It is an important medium of exchange between presenter and audience. Do not talk down to the audience and avoid oversimplifying the examples. The choice of language will either benefit or conk out learning. If the latter occurs it could obstruct the interaction between you and an audience (G coat of armston Wellman, 1992).PREPARING AN ORAL PRESENTATIONDelivering an effective oral presentation needs good preparation. Preparing for an oral presentation is as important as delivering the presentation. If your preparation is not good enough, your goal for your message to be clear, organized and well thought out cannot be achieved. In order to prepare an oral presentation, you need toChoose a topic that you are understand and are familiar with and your audience can easily understand. Study your topic and use other sources such as internet, books, articles and experts to enhance your presentation. The topic should be interesting, easy to search and locate reliable sources.Verify the take aim of presentation because oral presentation has so many topics and varies. It is depe nds on the message that you will deliver.Analyze the audience and know their expectations. Think about their age, values, gender, education and knowledge level.Structuring your presentation organise your presentation by giving an introduction, main ideas and conclusion. Structuring your presentation can avoid confusion and frustration to the audience.Introduction inform your topic and explain to the audience what your presentation will cover. Provide an outline of the main points. You also can provide any necessary background to make your presentation more interesting. A good introduction will capture an audience attention.Main ideas/content develop your main points and give an example and evidence. Make convinced(predicate) that your information is well-structured and provide clear connections between main points, explanations and examples.Conclusion summarise your main points and do not give any new information in the conclusion. Restate the main points to show that you hav e covered all the points and achieved your aim to deliver the message effectively. Invite the audience to questions and re-answer the question.Organize the topics information and your material, write a draft and summarise it in witticism notes. You must be able to understand your card notes in order to deliver them to an audience. Make your card notes easy to see and read. character your card notes as a guide to help you remember what needs to be said. Think about the length of time you have to speak and the amount of information you can include.Plan and prepare your visual aids. Learn the use of Powerpoint well before your presentation. Do the simple visual aids and do not embarrass your audience with unnecessary use of animation, sound clips or colors which are not connected to your topic. ExamplesYour visual aids should help the audience understand the topic better.Rehearse your presentation in an environment that is similar to where you will be giving your presentation and ge t its length right. Practice in front of your friends or family and use your visual aids. You also can tape yourself so that you can identify your areas of weakness and improve on it. Practice and time your presentation by using a stopwatch in order to make positive(predicate) that your presentation does not exceed the time limit or is too short. make AN EFFECTIVE ORAL PRESENTATIONMaking an effective oral presentation involves focusing on the needs of your audience, careful planning and good delivery of your speech. An important step when you give your presentation is how you introduce or begin your topic of presentation. The introduction is important because it is used to lure audience to listening to what you have to say. The purpose is to catch the attention of your audience. Make your introduction as brief as possible because long introductions tend to bore the audience. The main aim of speech introduction is to introducing speech topic and its purpose. Begin your introduction speech with the followingGreet your audience with a sincere smile. It should start with a courtesy greeting such as good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Introduce your name again even though you are already been introduced. Saying your name personalizes things and affords you some time to focus your thoughts on your speech. The first line must contain information about you.Ask the audience a rhetorical question. Do not expect it to be answered by your audience. Actually you use the question to set the outline for your speech. You give an answer and then build the interest.Make a very controversial statement. Start your speech by telling the audience something that they do not know. It can be an interesting statistic or a controversial idea. Provoking the thoughts of the audience will persist in them interested to hear your upcoming speech.Give a definition of an expert to enhance your credibility. You also can use definitions from dictionaries or other authoritative sources. If you use this technique make sure you find an interesting definition and deliver it with impact.Ask a proactive question which allows the audience to become part of the speech. You are sure of grabbing their attention with a question especially if it is related to the subject matter of the presentation. Starting your speech with a question helps to engage your audience mentally as they will seek to find answers to the question you asked even if you do not specifically request a response from them.In your presentation, when presenting the content or the middle of your speech, you need to respect your audiences aptitude for facts, figures and data without patronizing the audience with gimmicks. You need to deliver the information they want to hear such as the definition of terms, describing the situation, facts, figure, references or examples.Concluding speeches are also very important in your oral presentation. A good conclusion sensibly reinforces your ideas and enhances your speech. You can conclude your speech by a restatement of your speech, summarize main points in a brief and concise manner and use references but do not use the same device in the conclusion.When you are presenting in front of your audience, it is very important to know how you are being perceived. Below are the tips on how to make your presentation more effectiveBody Language adopt a confident posture. Walk confidently to the stage for your speech. Standing, walking or moving around with arms relaxed at the sideAppearance Dress professionally depending on where you are presenting. Be aware of your dress according to the dress code of society who will be your audience. Dress nicely and groom yourself before make the presentationVoice speak in a loud, clear voice with correct pronunciation. Use standard language to make sure that your audience will understand clearly and deliver the message effectively. Adjust your voice accordingly to make sure that everyone can hear your speech. Avoid speak ing too fast or continuously without pause. The pause can allow yourself and the audience time to reflect and think. findingOral presentation plays an important part in the assessment especially in the academic context. It is an effective tool to support your success in your future career. Oral presentation skills can enhance your confidence level to become a better communicator in college, personal life and professional career. To make sure that your oral presentation is effective, it is so important to plan the presentation with good preparation. Be well organized and confident of the content. Be aware of your body language when presenting your speech. Be an effective presenter by planning your speech, preparing good visual aids and understanding clearly all areas of the presentation.

African American Integration and Independence Essay -- Essays Papers

Integration and IndependenceIn the latter half(a) of 1885 several European empires gathered together for a conference in Berlin. At this meeting of utmost importance, the various European powers laid claim to their African colonial territories, thus dividing the continent like a birthday cake among themselves. The advanced boundaries now united thousands of cultures, nations and ethnicities under the banner of light ethno-centricity. Thus began the final examination colonial convention of Europe which would last well into the 20th century. Although the white minority has relinquished it?s stranglehold on Africa, the ramifications of hundreds of years of political dominion can be found throughout the continent. In 1962 during the heat of these independency movements, the world?s black population watched intently to see if indeed the African race could everywherethrow their colonial oppressors to bring about a new world order. Half a world away, men of African descent wer e fighting for an independence of their own. With the American Civil Rights movement in full swing, blacks everywhere stood on the brink of bettering the world for themselves and their children. The American turn outist James Baldwin states in his essay ?Down at the Cross? the meanings of the quarrel integration and independence. (Baldwin 337) He claims that individually word carried its own fiery meaning but the intent of the movements sparked by these words has not completely fulfilled its purpose. The colonization and political exploitation of Africa was root in extreme ethno-centric views. Integration and independence cannot manifest themselves as reality as long as there exists feelings of racial superiority. The colonization of the world by Europeans can be traced t... ...an inferiority lives on (James 34) and until it dies Africans will remain second cast citizens segregated from and dependent on the white world.Works CitedBaldwin, James. ?Down at th e Cross.? 1955. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 296-347Ingalls, Leonard. ?Portuguese Back Rein over Africa.? New York Times July 19, 1960.James, C.L.R. ?African Independence and the Myth of African Inferiority.? 1958. facts of life and Black Struggle Notes from the Colonized World. Boston Harvard Educational Review, 1974. 33-41Vansina, Jan. ?African Resistance and the small town of the European Empire.? 1978. African History. New York Longman Group Limited, 1995. 513-530White, William S. ?New World of Africa?s Gold Coast Arises from the Ashes of Colonialism.? New York Tines May 15, 1951. African American Integration and Independence Essay -- Essays Papers Integration and IndependenceIn the latter half of 1885 several European empires gathered together for a conference in Berlin. At this meeting of utmost importance, the various European powers laid claim to their African colonial territorie s, thus dividing the continent like a birthday cake among themselves. The new boundaries now united thousands of cultures, nations and ethnicities under the banner of white ethno-centricity. Thus began the final colonial dominion of Europe which would last well into the 20th century. Although the white minority has relinquished it?s stranglehold on Africa, the ramifications of hundreds of years of political dominion can be found throughout the continent. In 1962 during the heat of these independence movements, the world?s black population watched intently to see if indeed the African race could overthrow their colonial oppressors to bring about a new world order. Half a world away, men of African descent were fighting for an independence of their own. With the American Civil Rights movement in full swing, blacks everywhere stood on the brink of bettering the world for themselves and their children. The American essayist James Baldwin states in his essay ?Down at the Cross? th e meanings of the words integration and independence. (Baldwin 337) He claims that each word carried its own fiery meaning but the intent of the movements sparked by these words has not completely fulfilled its purpose. The colonization and political exploitation of Africa was rooted in extreme ethno-centric views. Integration and independence cannot manifest themselves as reality as long as there exists feelings of racial superiority. The colonization of the world by Europeans can be traced t... ...an inferiority lives on (James 34) and until it dies Africans will remain second rate citizens segregated from and dependent on the white world.Works CitedBaldwin, James. ?Down at the Cross.? 1955. James Baldwin Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 296-347Ingalls, Leonard. ?Portuguese Back Rein over Africa.? New York Times July 19, 1960.James, C.L.R. ?African Independence and the Myth of African Inferiority.? 1958. Education and Black Struggle Notes from the Colonized World. Boston Harvard Educational Review, 1974. 33-41Vansina, Jan. ?African Resistance and the Liquidation of the European Empire.? 1978. African History. New York Longman Group Limited, 1995. 513-530White, William S. ?New World of Africa?s Gold Coast Arises from the Ashes of Colonialism.? New York Tines May 15, 1951.